Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis

1478 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: free speech synthesis essays

Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis

Speech Recognition.

Speech Recognition is the process by which a computer maps an acoustic speech signal to text. It is different that speech understanding which is the process by which a computer maps an acoustic speech signal to some form of abstract meaning of the speech.

This process depends on the speaker, and how he speaks the language. There are three different systems for the speaker.

* Speaker dependent system.

* Speaker independent system.

* Speaker adaptive system.

Speaker Dependent System.

A speaker dependent system is developed to operate for a single speaker. These systems are usually easier to develop, cheaper to buy and more accurate, but not as flexible as speaker adaptive or speaker independent systems.

Speaker Independent System.

A speaker independent system is developed to operate for any speaker of a particular type like American English, or any other kind of English Language. These systems are the most difficult to develop, most expensive and accuracy is lower than speaker dependent systems. However, they are more flexible.

Speaker Adaptive System.

A speaker adaptive system is developed to adapt its operation to the characteristics of new speakers. It's difficulty lies somewhere between speaker independent and speaker dependent systems.

There are many things that effects the speaker systems. For example The size of vocabulary of a speech recognition system affects the complexity, processing requirements and the accuracy of the system. Some applications only require a few words like numbers, others require very large dictionaries (e.g. dictation machines). There are no established definitions for the size of vocabulary. To make it easy to understand we can say that :-

small vocabulary - tens of words

medium vocabulary - hundreds of words

large vocabulary - thousands of words

very-large vocabulary - tens of thousands of words.

As well as the size of vocabulary effects the speaker system, the way on speaking this words effects too. There are two different ways of speech. continuous speech or isolated-word speech.

Isolated-word Speech:-

An isolated-word system operates on single words at a time - requiring a pause between saying each word. This is the simplest form of recognition to perform because the end points are easier to find and the pronunciation of a word tends not affect others. Thus, because the occurrences of words are more consistent they are easier to recognize.

Continuous Speech:-

A continuous speech system operates on speech in which words are connected together, i.e. not separated by pauses.

Show More
Related

  • Deaf Technology

    406 Words  | 1 Pages

    Automatic speech recognition is the most successful and accurate of these applications. It is currently making a use of a technique called “shadowing” or sometimes called “voicewriting.” Rather than have the speaker’s speech directly transcribed by the system, a hearing person whose speech is well-trained to an ASR system repeats the words being spoken.

    Read More

  • Infant-Directed Speech and Its Effect on Language Acquisition

    1651 Words  | 4 Pages

    Soderstrom (2007) found that ID speech is present in most spoken languages. She also found that ID speech is characterized different properties that include prosodic, phonological, and syntactic properties. Prosodic properties of ID speech include higher pitch of the voice, varying the pitch of one’s voice, elongating vowels, and lengthening the pauses between words in a sentence. Many researchers suggest that these prosodic properties grab the infants’ attention and hold their attention. Phonological properties of ID speech include differences in voice onset time distinction and exaggerating certain words in a sentence. Soderstrom found varying opinions on whether or not the phonological properties were actually helpful in language acquisition. Syntactic properties of ID speech include shorte...

    Read More

  • Mozart Accomplishments

    583 Words  | 2 Pages

    Wealthy aristocrats proclaimed the importance of art, music, and entertainment, often hiring composers and artists to create for unique pieces. His only teacher was also his father Leopard Mozart. Often forgotten in history Maria Anne, his sister, was a talented musician as well. Once his father had discovered Mozart’s talent, he went on to exploit him and his sister. This began his career traveling across Europe (Bio). At only 5 years old he could write small compositions and by his teens he had already composed operas and dozens of symphonies. He wrote his first opera at age 12 named Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots, Part I. Maria Anne unfortunately was banned from playing music by the time she 18 because of her father's and society's view that women should not be employed once they reach a marriageable age. Mozart settled in Vienna in 1781 and became a freelance composer and

    Read More

  • Growth Of Islam Essay

    1651 Words  | 4 Pages

    ... the Muslims. However, the Muslims were victorious and gained control of Mecca. Soon, the Islamic religion started to spread along the Arabian Peninsula and beyond as their teachings became more popular. Some of the Muslim’s most important teachings are the Five Pillars of Faith. These are a way of life for the Muslims and teach them discipline and kindness. The Muslims also made many contributions to world civilizations in areas of study such as, medicine, math, and architecture. Without the Muslim’s contributions we might not be where we are today.

    Read More

  • Nigeria: Ethnic Conflict

    917 Words  | 2 Pages

    Ethnicity is how individuals perceive themselves, and unlike race it can be changed. There are countries in which there are several different types of ethnic groups, and in some cases that could lead to conflict within a country, but as research will show it is not the only cause, and in some cases the conflict was purposely organized. In such cases it is usually in a developing country, which is “defined according to their Gross National Income (GNI) per capita per year. Countries with GNI of US$ 11,905 and less and less are defined as developing (specified by the World Bank, 2012).” (CITATION) Developing countries that have established themselves as democracies tend to have weak institutions, where elections are more about connections and winning, rather than trying to establish and follow formal rules. Nigeria is both, a developing country and one with a weak democracy, there are many causes to this, such as problems with natural resources, and unable to maintain a strong formal government, but mainly it all could be traced back to the fact that it has a divided society where there is no sense of nationality. Divergence in a country does not mean violence, in the contrary in most cases places with a lot of different ethnicities tend to be peaceful, but Nigeria is exempt from this because it was, in a sense, programmed for all the different ethnicities and religions to have conflict amongst each other by the British.

    Read More

  • speech recognition

    921 Words  | 2 Pages

    Speech is the common basic way we communication with each other. The development of voice biometrics is one that emerged to allow a user to input their voice into a computer system. It is a growing technology which provides security in computers. A speech recognition system is designed to assist the user to complete what that person wants to say versus having a person transcribe it. The first step in voice recognition is for the user to be trained and produce an actual voice sample. Through this process sounds, words or phrases are converted in electrical signals and then they are turned into a coding process by the system. The goal of voice recognition is to understand the human spoken voice.

    Read More

  • Effective Communication Practices

    1162 Words  | 3 Pages

    Flanagan, J., Research in Speech Communication (Oct. 24, 1995), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 92, No. 22 pp. 9938-9945

    Read More

  • Christianity Vs. Judaism

    984 Words  | 2 Pages

    In the world today, People fight wars over what they believe to be a “war of religion”, but are our religions so different that we have to fight? Or are they so much the same that we should have peace. The wars on religion have been going on for thousands of years, but hopefully this will show that we should just have peace and realize that the religions are, all in all, very similar. Like the two religions being compared right now, Christianity and Judaism, these comparisons will prove that they are similar. From how many gods they have, their holy origins, and their morals on being a good follower. These are the things being used to prove that Christianity and Judaism are all in all the same religion and are intensely similar.

    Read More

  • Essay On The Causes Of Drinking Soda And The Effects Of Soda

    850 Words  | 2 Pages

    So you enjoy drinking Coca Cola, Sprite, or any other type of soft drinks? Then allow me to let you know that you are harming your body without even realizing it. Drinking too much soft drinks can cause negative effects to your body. Yes, even those diet cokes. There are many things that soft drinks cause such as tooth decay, diabetes, weight gain, and many other health issues.

    Read More

  • Speech Sounds

    1372 Words  | 3 Pages

    The acoustic speech signal itself can be analysed by creating spectrograms. Each speech signal contains information across multiple frequencies which, when charted on a spectrogram, tend to form bands known as formants. Initial attempts to understand speech percep...

    Read More

  • Nonverbal Communication: Cultural Differences Across Cultures

    1615 Words  | 4 Pages

    Delgado, R & Kobayashi, T 2011. Proceedings of the Paralinguistic Information and its Integration in Spoken Dialogue Systems Workshop. 1st ed. Springer.

    Read More

  • Nigeria: A Tug of War

    1457 Words  | 3 Pages

    The Federation of Nigeria has never been a homogenous country. Nigeria is a country with a daunting history. On October 1, 1960 the populous country of Nigeria, having the largest landmass of the West African states, gained its independence (Metz, 1991). Nigeria is a country of “great diversity,” due to various amounts of the ethnic groups (See Society and Culture p5).There are more than 250 ethnic groups that are influenced by politics and popularity. Nigeria’s history dates back to 1914, when it was just a colony under the British rule (Schwarz, 1965).

    Read More

  • Mozarts Life ( Brief Summary)

    440 Words  | 1 Pages

    Mozart was born on Jan. 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria. His father was Leopold Mozart, a composer and a popular violinist. Mozart received his early musical training from his father. At the early age of 3 Mozart showed signs of being a musical genius. Then, at the age of five Mozart started composing. Beginning in 1762 Mozart’s father took young Mozart and his older sister, Maria Anna, on tours in Europe where they played the piano, harpsichord, violin, and organ, together and separately. Mozart learned to play the piano, harpsichord, and violin from his father. He gave public concerts and played at numerous courts and received several commissions.

    Read More

  • Machine Translation

    2743 Words  | 6 Pages

    Jurafsky, D. & Martin, J. H. (2009), Speech and Language Processing: International Version: an Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition, 2nd ed, Pearson Education Inc, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

    Read More

  • Difference Between Bilingualism And Multilingualism

    1754 Words  | 4 Pages

    He says that a speech community is a group of people who interact by means of speech. In addition, Hudson (1998 : 24) also defines speech community as all people who speak a single language and so share notions of what is same or different in phonology or grammar.

    Read More

More about Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis

Open Document