Hammurabi
Of the many law codes surviving from the ancient Middle East, perhaps the most famous is the Code of Hammurabi, sixth King of the Amorite Dynasty of Old Babylon. Today, the code, engraved in stone takes on a unique form as a piece of art. However, decoded it is clear that this stone was obeyed and served as a sort of political propaganda.
The noted stone found in 1901 by French archeologists, now rests in the Paris Louvre where it is preserved from moisture and natural decomposition. The raw material consists of an 8 ft. tall block of black basalt engraved with cuneiform. It clearly intended to be observed in public. The immense size of this rock was a sign of strength and authority and its dark coloration an ominous warning. At the top is a depiction of Hammurabi receiving the code from Shamash the sun god or god of justice. In this picture the two men are the same size, which symbolizes Hammurabi’s power being equal to that of the gods. Below this is a prologue praising Hammurbai’s wisdom and power. To further its legitimacy the law code was in those days regarded as subject for prayer, though the prayers here are chiefly cursings of whoever shall neglect or destroy the law.
The content of the code regulates in clear and definite strokes the organization of society and the harsh punishment for crimes. For example, the witness who testifies falsely is to be slain. Indeed, more serious crimes were punishable with death. If a man builds a house poorly, and it falls and kills the owner, the builder is to be slain. If the owner’s son is killed, the builder’s son is slain. The idea of “eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth” could not be debated.
When Atticus chooses to defend Tom Robinson, he knows he will most likely lose the first trial. His friends and colleagues will talk behind his back for defending a black man under a capitol defense. He knows though that this is a trial in his life that he must defend in order for him to live the rest of his life with his head held up high.”For a number of reasons, Atticus said, The main one is, if I didn’t I couldn’t hold up my head in town, I couldn’t represent this country in legislature, I couldn’t even tell you or Jem not to do something again,’ Atticus says to Scout one night while explain to her why he is defending a black man. This shows Atticus’ high ideals and morals he has must be upheld by him if he is to live with himsel...
“Off with the hands” said Hammurabi. This happened because a surgeon has killed a patient with a bronze lancet. Hammurabi had stated his rule only ruling Babylon he ruled this city-state for 30 of his 42 years in rule. Later he took victories in Mari and Larsa in order to have a giant kingdom. Then in his 38th year of rule he created his code which consisted of 282 laws which were carved on a large pillar like stone. Hammurabi’s code was not just as it explains in Family law, Property law, and Personal Injury law.
Atticus did what no other person would do in Maycomb, he defended a negro man in court. In the novel “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee, Atticus is a lawyer that has to defend Tom Robinson because Tom was accused of raping a white lady. Others in Maycomb don’t agree with Atticus because he took a black man’s words over a white woman’s word. Atticus is a man of morals with integrity, so he did the right thing and took Tom Robinson’s side. It makes sense for Atticus to take a stand to defend Tom Robinson because he follows his morals and the golden rule.
“‘The main one is, if I didn’t I couldn’t hold up my head in town, I couldn’t represent this county in the legislature, I couldn't even tell you or Jem not to do something again’” (Lee 100). Atticus knows that if he didn’t go with his gut and defend Tom, he would be lacking in teaching his children an important lesson. If he didn’t teach his kids to stand up for what is right, what kind of father would he be? It makes sense that Atticus might defend Tom for the sake of them and the main lesson he would get out of it. He also does it in hope of keeping Jem and Scout away from “Maycomb’s Disease.” Atticus tells his brother, “‘I hope and pray I can get Jem and Scout through it without bitterness, and most of all, without catching Maycomb’s usual disease. Why otherwise reasonable people go stark raving mad when anything involving a Negro comes up, is something I don’t pretend to understand’” (Lee 117). Atticus’s son, Jem, looks up to him in many ways and is good at making the right decision like his father. Atticus did a good thing by defending Tom Robinson because he taught his kids many valuable lessons. For example, when Atticus is at the jailhouse to protect Tom, Jem goes to protect Atticus and refuses when he tells him to leave. “‘Go home, Jem,’ he said. ‘Take Scout and Dill home.’ We were accustomed to
Hammurabi’s Code was a set of written was to end personal revenge. It was an important accomplishment because The need to unite was to bring justice and fair treatment to the people. The idea of law was to see what the punishment was and justice to the people. The idea of justice for all was fair treatment to the people.
We as people have always searched for a code of morals and conduct. It is what has held empires, nations, and families from falling into chaos. This is what the code of Hammurabi and the law of Moses instituted in maintaining order. Both laws have a strong foundation and way of promoting justice that rivals many systems today in regards to effectiveness. Many of the laws given were later used in future governments. There are many similarities and differences between these documents, and this analysis will share some of the those. These two documents provide rich resources and were made for two specific peoples because of women’s rights found in the code, the consequences of actions when violating code, and the vision of the laws created.
King, L. W. (2014, April 30th). Ancient History Sourcebook: Code of Hammurabi, c. 1780 BCE. Retrieved from Fordham University: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/hamcode.asp
The principals of human nature force people to fight for what they believe in; therefore, defending religion is not objective to that principle in the case of the crusades. In the case of the First Crrusade many people did just that, volunteered knowing that many of them would die defending their religious beliefs. In the days of the Byzantine Empire, a person’s faith or religion determined how they would live their life. It is the nature of people to fight for what they believe in; therefore, defending ones religion is not objective to that principle as in the First Crusade. A crusade is characterized as any of the military expeditions undertaken by Christian powers in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to win the Holy Land from Muslims. The First Crusade played a vital role in Late Antiquity (Middle Ages) Europe; consequently, setting the stage for future events in European history and the preface for the Crusades to follow. The reason for the initiation of the First Crusade, how it was fought and who were involved, notable battles and generals, and how upon its finale it reshaped the Byzantine Empire.
The ancient criminal justice system existed as codes of law that were written copies of moral and social precedents carved into stone or clay tablets and displayed in public areas. In 1750 B.C. the Babylonian king Hammurabi had his code of law and means of punishment engraved into a large stone tablet topped with an image depicting God handing him the law. Ancient codes of law did not rely on rational or scientific detention to determine if the accused had committed the crime. Babylonians believed the river would be the judge of the crime and tested their power by throwing the accused individual into the Tigris or Euphrates river. If they could swim they were free however if they drowned they were guilty.
Between the 11th and 13th century the Crusades have been fought by many dauntless knights who wanted to protect the Holy Land. They encountered many problems, however they were driven with their goal in mind. They thought that "protecting the Holy L...
One of the most important aspects of any society is the ruling system. A society simply could not function without any sort of rules or regulations. With the tremendous growth of Babylonian society came the need for law systems. Perhaps one of the most well known law systems was Babylonian ruler Hammurabi’s compilation of Mesopotamian laws known as Hammurabi 's Code. Hammurabi 's Code contained laws pertaining to trade, marriage, property, crime, social class, and more (Judge and Langdon, 25). So much can be learned about early societies through this famous artifact. Although these laws may have been accepted by the Babylonian citizens at the time, it is now clear to see that the code was extremely unjust. Hammurabi 's Code uncovers the social
The divine way of ruling was rooted before 2300 B.C.E., beginning with the story of Gilgamesh, and proceeded to carry on through Sargon, Hammurabi, and even Moses. Men would follow their leaders into battle based on belief and to conquer. Thus, bringing matters of post war which lead to consolidation of cities, and to pacify people with fair and justified laws from their King so that civil uprising would not ensue. Hammurabi’s Code is based off of three key elements that are belief (polytheism or religious), leadership (divine or conventional), and justice (fair but firm). Furthermore, these elements might be subtle, but essential for stability amongst the populous, and when juxtaposed with a keen eye they became clearer than the water.
Throughout the world, people consider The Code of Hammurabi one of the most important codes of law ever recorded in the history of the world based on what it tells us about the history of early Babylon. The code gives people a way to see not only how the society of Babylon developed early on but also how other civilizations were developing complex societies, which were similar to the Babylonians. However, the code also shows us how the role of written documents and writing is effectively portrayed in Hammurabi’s laws. This is effectively observed by analyzing what types of documents the code provides evidence for, what are situations and reasons in which Babylonians used writing, and if writing is the only acceptable form of proof. The Code of Hammurabi is one of the most important codes ever recorded because it shows us evidence of early principles of justice, which provide proof for early legal documentation; gives us observable, physical proof of the Babylonian beliefs for future people to witness; and shows us how written works are the only acceptable form of proof because of the historical accuracy of the work.
The state of Mesopotamia during Hammurabi’s reign went through a political, social, and cultural structure revolution. Unlike the early kings of Mesopotamia, Hammurabi sought to consolidate power through a new political system known as Hammurabi’s Code. This system also brought about changes in the social structure as it supported the king’s authority in all matters throughout the state as well as implementing a new economy. Private economy, a significant part of the social structure, gave people the ability to pay taxes through material goods instead of money. Instead, the entrepreneurs of the private economy would trade those goods for silver and then pay the state’s taxes.
Artificial Intelligence, also known as AI, allows a machine to function as if the machine has the capability to think like a human. While we are not expecting any hovering cars anytime soon, artificial intelligence is projected to have a major impact on the labor force and will likely replace about half the workforce in the United States in the decades to come. The research in artificial intelligence is advancing rapidly at an unstoppable rate. So while many people feel threatened by the possibility of a robot taking over their job, computer scientists actually propose that robots would benefit a country’s efficiency of production, allowing individuals to reap the benefits of the robots. For the advantage of all, researchers and analysts have begun to mend the past ideas of human-robot interaction. They have pulled inspiration from literary works of Isaac Asimov whom many saw as the first roboticist ahead of his time, and have also gotten ideas of scholarly research done by expert analysts. These efforts have began to create an idea of a work force where humans and robots work together in harmony, on a daily basis.