The Center, Left, and Right in Turkish/Greek/Italian Politics
The politics of the countries of Turkey, Greece and Italy are fairly diverse in relation to each other, as well as within themselves. The political parties of each country are also many in number and varied in nature. In this essay, I will provide a brief overview of the government of each country Turkey, Greece and Italy followed by an examination of the current political parties that exist in each of those countries, looking especially at where the left, center, and right fall with respect to each country.
An overview of the politics of Turkey
Turkey gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1923, but it did not formally draft a constitution until 1982, when it initiated a four-branch government. Currently, Turkey's government is composed of a President, who is elected every seven years and serves as the executive branch; a unicameral (one-house) legislative branch; a Grand National Assembly composed of 450 members; a Prime Minister, who functions similarly to the Vice President in the U.S.; and a judicial branch that is independent of the governmental structure. Turkey is a democratic and, more importantly, a secular state, despite the prevalence of Islam. The current President of Turkey is Ahmet Necdet Sezer, and the current Prime Minister is Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Political parties in Turkey
As of 1996, there are currently 22 registered political parties in Turkey, most of which are small. The main parties that make up the political center are the Motherland Party (ANAP) and the True Path Party (DYP), both of which swing more toward the right; and the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the Democratic Left (DSP), both of which swing more toward the left, despite the contrary nature of their names. To the far right is the National Action Party (MHP), an ultra-nationalist party.
?The ANAP party was founded in 1983 and governed Turkey from 1983 to 1991, though as of the 2002 election, its representation was much less, especially in Parliament.[1]? In the 1980s, however, it was the ANAP party that instituted many important transformations in Turkey, including "introducing free-market reforms, downsizing the public sector," and it was under this party that Turkey "applied formally to join the European Economic Commission" (EEC then, more like the current EU).[2]? Like the ANAP, the DYP was also formed in 1983, and is a conservative party that "draws support from the countryside.
Mr. Moore’s father died from a medical complication that could have been prevented, while Wes Moore’s father was never around leaving him to be raised by his mother. The death of Mr. Moore’s father resulted in the family having to move to live with his grandparents in the Bronx. Mr. Moore’s mother tried everything, including putting him into an expensive school to keep him out of trouble and give him a chance for a successful life. Mr. Moore was still influenced by the neighborhood which lead to him being sent to military school, where he was able to understand that his actions had consequences, leading him to be the person that he is today. The other Wes Moore did not have the same fate. Although his brother, Tony, was a gang member, he constantly talked to Wes about how he could not get involved in gangs. “Tony felt his brother’s life could be saved”, but eventually Wes got involved with dealing drugs (Moore, 2011). After a robbery that resulted in the murder of two people, Wes was convicted of life in
Convict Wes went to school, then he could not have ended in the drug game then prison. These
However, this only opened the door to a significant social change in his life. He, consequently, became involved in the life of dealing drugs that his mother and brother strived so arduously to prevent him from starting. Wes was arrested several times throughout his life starting at the early age of eight, when he attempted to stab another kid. He was also arrested for selling drugs and again for the attempted murder of a man. Another significant change for him was when he went to Job Corps, and was academically successful. Unfortunately, the reality of the world he left behind; such as, supporting his kids drove him to return to dealing, and later ...
Paul and I are united on the grounds of age and nothing more, yet somehow, while following him through his service in the War, I feel connected to him. After finishing the novel, I ruminated on this idea for some time and eventually came to the conclusion that the connection I feel with Paul is a mixture of empathy and envy. I empathize with him because he put down the pen and took up the rifle in service of his country, just as I would do if called upon. I envy him because he exudes the qualities of a brilliant soldier, meticulous narrator, and man of faith even in times of mortal danger, especially in times of mortal danger. In the midst of the worst bombardment he has yet to face, Paul shines his brightest by illuminating in vivid detail not only the hellish onslaught unfolding around him, but also the intr...
He describes how Wes’s mother works all the time, his brother is in the drug game, he later gets in the game, and he is convicted of murder. The author tells how Wes’s mother works all the time so she can support her family and she has no husband to help her support them. He also describes how Wes’s brother, Tony, had gotten into the drug game at a very young age and had become very powerful. Wes coincidently looks up to Tony for guidance because his mother is never around, “Wes wanted to be just like Tony” (72). The author tells how Wes was influenced a lot by his environment because he had been around drugs all his life. In addition his brother, also in the drug game, influenced him even more because Wes saw that selling drugs was a good source of income. Wes decided to go into the drug game because he wanted all that money, especially to buy some new headphones he wanted, “And he understood, faintly, how addictive that feeling could be, and how easy it would be to make money off selling that feeling to people who needed it” (62). Wes stayed in the drug game but did try to stop by being part of Job Corps, but that didn’t last long and he went back into the game. Wes’s time in the game ended when he was arrested and convicted of murder after a jewelry store robbery went wrong. He was sentenced to life in prison, “On the charge
In a later chapter, Paul explains why he reacted so quickly. War has turned all the soldiers into "unthinking animals in order to give us the weapon of instinct." This primal instinct is one of survival; it is the only thing that matters during war. It allows the soldiers to remain calm in battle, it allows them to escape solitude, and aids them in survival. "As in a polar expedition, every expression of life must serve only the preservation of existence, and is absolutely focused on that;" Paul and the other soldiers do only what is necessary to ensure their own survival.
Paul shows his loyalty to his comrade, Kemmerich, by taking care of him when the orderlies treat him like trash, and Remarque illustrates this by saying, “I sit tensely and watch his every movement in case he may perhaps say something” (31). This displays the fact that Paul will always be with his friends and will never lead their side. The evidence clearly shows that Paul will always remain true towards his country and his comrades, and shows his devotion to his service, even when he is treated inadequately.
When looking at and understanding the historical aspect of the party systems, it is important to note that there are some number of definitions of party systems. To some degree, a party system simply can be defined as the competition between parties in the political realm in efforts to gain the support for their give...
Greece and Persia are two of the four great empires that rose to the top rapidly. Both empires have well organized political systems that greatly influenced the way later governments were structured in the United States and Europe. Greece and Persia empire’s structures weighed greatly on their development and growth, but the diverse topographies of Greece and Persia also made a vast impact. These features affected the cultures and even how the political government changed overtime.
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Greece and Rome’s governments included many democratic aspects that continue to be used in modern
The narrator makes choices against his beliefs by allowing his academic performance to decline as a result of feeling excluded from school and peers. The narrator also begins to skip school and shows through his vast memory of hip-hop lyrics, that he is intelligent. It is not until his arrest for tagging, that the narrator experiences regret in allowing himself to earn a name in the game. It is this at this point, that the narrator reveals he has noticed a change should be made to improve the respect he has for himself. The other Wes’s passion and dedication to football consume much of his time, which allows his grades to begin to decline. When he is offered the job to be on the lookout for police officers, his first instinct is to decline the offer. However, after reasoning with himself that he would not be directly involved in dealing drugs, he accepts the job. In a state of aggressiveness, the other Wes quickly acts, generally resulting in violence. This quickly thought out resolution can be seen with the boy whom he pulls a knife on, with Ray in a violent confrontation about Alicia and the armed robbery that led to his life-sentence. Throughout his questioning, the other Wes admits he cannot feel nervous, as his fate has already been determined. As each Wes learned about respect through their family and the community, they were faced with the challenge of
Elizabethan times in the 1600s was a progression for the world of the theater. A period named after Queen Elizabeth I of England, it is from this period that modern day society has its foundation for the entertainment industry. From the violence that was prevalent because of the Black Death, people turned to the theater for its poetry and romance. During this time period, there were two types of theatrical performances that were available for the people’s viewing, comedies or tragedies. These two genres were never really intertwined until the time of William Shakespeare. His play, Romeo and Juliet, is an example of both a comedy and a tragedy. It starts off as a comedy with Romeo weeping like a baby because of his love Rosaline, who did not love him back and ends as a tragedy when Romeo and Juliet, a pair of star crossed lovers, commit suicide because the lost of each other. It was also during Shakespeare’s time that writer were finally acknowledged by the people. Before this time, writers were not considered upper classman. Another group of people that began to rise into a higher social class were the actors. Actresses were not present back then because women were not allowed on stage. It was considered unladylike to have a female actor. Men played all the parts. Theater owners were dependent on actors to make them a profit. Rehearsals for the plays were fairly short, only lasting for about a week. The performances themselves would only show for three to four days.
Cleavages, institutions, voting systems and, to some extent, party organizations have combined to create a framework that reinforces the importance of how parties have chosen to compete. The competitive development of multi-party systems in Central and Eastern Europe was motivated by the conflict between parties to define the post-communist "right". Also in the European Union, the cleavage theory has defined the positioning of national political parties. Political parties have much more in common with parties of the same family than other parties in the same country. The reason for this is that parties are shaped by their distinct historical experiences, the most influential of which are the ideological propensities and constituency ties that derive from the basic divides that structure contention in a society. The differences between the different political parties on European integration can be explained by territorial differences in the historical interaction of the cleavages between countries and regions. In short, a theory of the cleavage of party positioning makes it possible to understand the variations within party families as well as the variations between
William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Ben Johnson are names that have resonated through the centuries. Not since ancient Athens has there been such gluttony of talent, producing stories for the ages. Might Athens be were these Englishmen found their inspiration? Greece produced its share of legendary playwrights; Sophocles and Euripides are two of the most famous. There are far m Elizabethan England gave birth to some of the most famous names in theatre. ore similarities between Elizabethan and Greek Theatre then there are differences. The influence of both eras is felt even today, stage productions of Shakespeare and Euripides are performed from London too Broadway and everywhere in between. I believe that both eras have influenced modern theatre simply because the Greek so obviously influenced Elizabethan theatre.