The Limits of Cyberspace
Lev Manovich’s wider history of vision and Simon Cook’s amendments to it reveal much about the recent developments in visual communication. This essay will use these two papers to show that today’s digital culture stems from late-Victorian methods of organization and Modernist visual forms. Also, it will discuss the current rate of progress, and the ultimate limit of technology in our world.
Technology changes rapidly. Just a few years ago, the world was unable to stop discussing the rate of technological advancement. People laughed at Bill Gates’ famous quote, “with 1 MB RAM, we have a memory capacity, which will never be fully utilized,” and marvelled that “processor speed doubles every 18 months.”
Some thinkers, coming to grips with this amazing rate of development, have stopped looking solely at the slope of technological progress and have begun looking also at the history of human interaction with technology, as well as making predictions about its future. A new work at the forefront of the discussion of the history of the digital revolution is UCSD professor Lev Manovich’s “The Language of New Media.” The ideas contained in this book are essentially elaborations of the ideas in his doctoral dissertation, “The Engineering of Vision from Constructivism to Computers,” and a few articles published on his website.
In “The Engineering of Vision from Constructivism to Computers,” Manovich discusses at length the recent developments in modern vision as well as analyzing its present state.
Over the last hundred and thirty years, says Manovich, there has been a dramatic decrease in the physical difficulty of labor and a correspondingly large increase in the need for the use of the eye and mind to perform productively. Manovich divides this time period into three separate stages. Firstly, from 1870 to 1920, he states that Venn, Freud, and others created new systems for visual reasoning. “For the first time, we can find in their work the explicit justifications for the very notion of reasoning through vision.” According to Manovich, these “diferent models of how vision can be used in reasoning represent the first stage in the reversal of attitude towards the inadequacy of vision.”
The second stage begins in 1870 and continues until 1920. It encompasses the transition from physical labor to “visual labor”, when the muscular effort of physical labor is slowly replaced by the labor of the eye looking for changing details in a managerial workplace.
Drip irrigation, xeriscape, desalination, water recycling, personal water conservation, and the change of household appliances are all techniques that would have a positive effect on California’s drought. Because of the constantly growing population, the demand for water is constantly growing. To make sure that this water crisis doesn’t become vital, Californian’s should think it is their duty to help improve the situation. These improvements can be made in farmers, landscapers, and the everyday citizen. Everyone should do their part in employing these techniques, whether they take the simple approach of shortened shower times or a costly approach, and re-design their outdoor spaces to be xeriscaped and use drip systems. California’s water is precious, and it is the duty of California Citizens implement solutions to bust the water drought.
The games in Rome are known today as the bloodiest exhibitions of public entertainment known to mankind. Men, Women and children flocked to the Colosseum to watch the bloodthirsty fighters murder one another.
...m. This huge circular arena was the pinnacle of the Roman Gladiatorial games, and though it isn't fully intact, it is a great reminder of ancient culture. Though today these games seem inhumane and unnecessary, to their ancient culture it was a vacation from everyday stress. Even the Emperor was said to understand that though money and grain would satisfy and individual, large spectacles were necessary for the contentment of the masses' (wes civ).
The Colosseum was possibly built to house gladiator fights and other genres of entertainment in ancient Roman times. This is important because it shows the place and origin of gladiator fights, which still continue in our era, in modified versions.. This is the place where most gladiators spent the majority of their time - training and fighting. This Colosseum shows us the product of Roman effort, persistence, energy and time. In comparison to other sporting arenas in the past and the present, the Colosseum shows uniqueness because it describes the Romans’ such great love for bravery, fighting, and entertainment overall.
“The Romans are often characterized as loving violent and cruel entertainment in the amphitheatre. It has been suggested that the games served the dual purpose of providing entertainment for the people and maintaining the political status quo.”
Its is believed that the first fights were introduced in Rome in 264 BC when three pairs of gladiators fighting were introduced to Brutus by his son as honorary tokens” leading a way for generations of games (Hronis 32). Rome was a great warrior state during its expansion of the great empire with 60 million people (Hopkins 16). Evidence shows that the games were connected to funerals thus,called funeral games (Hopkins 17). During two centuries of the Roman Empire gladiator shows grew and in 65 BC Julius Caesar hosted the games for his father with 650 fighters who were forced to fight to the death (Hopkins
During the middle and late third century Roman republic era gave rise to the arena games and became a great phenomenon for the Romans. An amphitheater, also known as a coliseum, housed these dangerous games that potentially harmed the audience as well as those who participated in them. Gladiatorial combat originated as part of funerals for deceased influential Romans. These large gladiatorial games were held by emperors during funerals of important roman officials, but were also included during other occasions. Over time the connection among the gladiator games and funerals decreased, and the upper class put on the games mainly to raise their social standing and gain favor with the public. Many politicians held these highly known games to help them sway votes of power and popularity (Meijer 2003, 27). “The arena was the embodiment of the empire.” (Futrell 1997, 209). The contestants, or the gladiators, had more significance of the Roman Empire beyond that as their role of entertainment.
The life of a gladiator could be a grueling life unless you were the best and never lost. Gladiators fought in events known as gladiatorial games. The first gladiatorial games were recorded in 310 BCE. The first Gladiatorial games were not held in the huge coliseums we see today. Instead they were most likely held to entertain a powerful person or ruler. Gladiatorial combat originated as a religious event to honor the dead, victory of an important battle, a sacrifice to the gods, or to honor the death of someone in a high standing position. The first Roman Gladiatorial games were held in 246 BCE to honor Marcus and Decimus Brutus. ("Life of a Gladiator") These games started an era of gladiatorial events that would last for nearly a century to come.
Geographical space, as we know it, is undergoing significant changes in its perception. It is in a state of continuous redefinition caused by the increased use of technologies that provide access to cyberspace. Although cyberspace has no physical dimensions, it is very real for the many of us who use modern technology. Whether it is the Internet, accessed through a computer or cell phones, or other private networks such as MMOGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Games), cyberspace is increasingly the site of choice for social and business interactions. There is a dynamic relationship at work, just as neighborhoods affect the cities around them, so does cyberspace affect the geographical spaces of its users. Because of this, cyberspace should be included in understanding a complete world-view.
Right away Macklemore establishes his credibility and knowledge, ethos, by stating, "When I was in the third grade I thought that I was gay, 'Cause I could draw, my uncle was, and I kept my room straight" (Haggerty, Lewis, Lambert, 2102). With such a forceful statement, he shows that he can relate to this issue, which gives him the credibility that people look for in such an important topic. By speaking of personal experience, this gives the audience a closer look into his life and may feel a connection that many people might need to relate and understand the lyrics or topic of the song. With the song beginning with an anecdote about Macklemore as a third grader fearing he was gay brings a great sense of the ethos appeal. This directly illustrates society’s corruption of an innocent child’s mind with the fear of being gay and believing that being gay would be a fault. This opening anecdot...
The division of labour and education along gender lines, racial inequalities and discrimination, and unpaid domestic labour all contribute to the growing feminization of poverty. Feminists are working to decrease the income gap, to benefit the overall health of women and the population at large. The term feminization of poverty describes the disproportionate amount of women who are poor, and its link to the division of labour along gender lines (Calixte, Johnson, & Motapanyane, 2010). The Canadian Labour Congress reported that in 2005, women working full time earned 70.5 cents to the dollar that every male in a comparable job earned ( as cited in Calixte, et al., 2010, p. 17) Across the board, women are more likely to suffer from poverty than men are (Harnan, 2006). Feminists are constantly trying to decrease the wage gap with activism.
"The techniques developed by the artistic avant-garde of the 1920's became embedded in the commands and interface metaphors of computer software. In short, the avant-garde vision became materialized in a computer."(1) Manovich declares that there are three main developmental stages in the historical context of visual reasoning; I believe Cook's description of these three stages is very clear and succinct, and generally gives overall essence of Manovich's basis for his argument:
AUPs are available on the Internet at gopher sites and can be retrieved by using
The problem of water scarcity has increasingly spread throughout the world as of yet, The UN reports that within the next half- century up to 7 billion people in 60 countries which is more than the whole present population will face water scarcity (Sawin “Water Scarcity could Overwhelm the Next Generation”). As well the demand for freshwater has tripled over the past 50 years, and is continuing to rise as a result of population growth and economic development. 70% of this demand derives from agriculture which shows the influence of water on food supply globally as well not just drinking water (Sawin “Water Scarcity could overwhelm the Next Generation”). But increasing water use is not just a matter of the greater number of people needing it to drink and eat; it also comes from pollution and misuse of water supplies, by either dumping or runoff of bacteria or chemicals into water. This also “causes other pollutions as well such as soil and air pollution, accelerating wetland damage and human caused global warming” (Smith and Thomassey 25). According to UN report, recent estimates suggest that climate change will account for about 20 percent of the increase in global water scarcity in coming decades.
Main issue of this paragraph is internet and the relations between human being and internet. So, it was wanted to describe the internet by using words “specific windows”. Windows are useful for us to watch the panorama of the world at the outside of our homes, and internet is also a kind of window that shows not only the outside of our homes, also the whole world that we can not see by our house windows. So we can say that internet is a big window for us, the specific one.