The Strengths and Limitations of Electrical Muscle Stimulation
"Buy EMS, it'll burn calories and fat away." "One hour of EMS is equal to 300 to 400 sit-ups." "You can develop 19-22 inch arms!" They're new! They're hot! But do they work? You've seen them in the backs of magazines and on TV commercials- those advertisements form electronic fitness machines that tighten abdominals and give users huge biceps while watching TV or sleeping. These devices are based on electronic muscle stimulation.
What exactly is EMS, what does it do, and, other than those muscle building, fat reducing claims, what are the current uses of electronic muscle stimulation. Electronic Muscle Stimulation (EMS) is a muscle exercise concept for use in one's own home. It is an established rehabilitative concept used for treating a variety of clinical problem involving the muscle skeletal, neuromuscular (relating to both nerve and muscle tissue) , genitourinary (relating to the genital and urinary organs) , and integumentary (administered by contact with the skin) systems(Leonard).
The first recorded use of EMS for medical stimulation was recorded in 1783 (Creasey). This was used to restore respiration for people who had paralyzed/collapsed chest/lung muscles. After that, many Soviet and Eastern Olympic competitors used muscle stimulators to build and produce the same bulk in muscles that only steroids had promised. Now the system has finally reached the West. Once only available to doctors and therapists, EMS is now suggested for use by anyone participating in bodybuilding, power lifting, martial arts, boxing, or anyone simply wishing to achieve their optimal athletic ability. EMS is also recommended to athletes for warming up the muscles and increasing circulation prior to a workout routine (Schmidt). The Medical Advisory Committee has allowed the use of EMS systems by athletes since the 1972 Olympics (Muscle stimulators...). Many athletes use EMS to supplement their regular workout routines, while many doctors use it to aid in the rehabilitation of muscles following injury and to ease patients chronic muscle spasms and pain (Muscle stimulators...).
The concept of electrical muscle stimulation is to use technologically advanced science that uses very mild electrical current to exercise your muscles. When one performs any exercise, their brain sends a message down the spinal cord through the nerves innervating all the muscles causing them to contract. An outside electrical source stimulates the nerves to send these signals to your muscle to contract. This is achieved by passing electrical currents through electrode pads placed over a muscle.
The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader about Wilder Penfield and his research over electric brain stimulation. This essay will give a brief biography of Wilder Penfield, a description of his research, and finally discuss the insight his experiments provided and the influence they had on our body and behavior in general.
Odin was the god of wisdom, magic and runes (“The Pagan Library”). The runes were the alphabet of the Vikings. Rune stones is the only documented writing from the Vikings during their existence, so a lot of the history during the ...
Tricksters appear in the mythology and folklore of many cultures around the world. Although the power and relative divinity of each Trickster varies from tradition to tradition, Tricksters have important roles in the creation, development, and sometimes destruction, of each culture. The Coyote of Native North American traditions is often depicted as assisting the “Great Mystery” or “Great Spirit” in the creating and populating of the world (Leeming). In the Greek myths Hermes is initially a sly infant who captures a tortoise with his untruths and fashions the first lyre from its shell, but eventually transitions to a place amongst the Olympic pantheon as the messenger of the gods. In the Norse myths of the Scandinavian countries, Loki is a mischievous nuisance, nonetheless responsible for the creation of many of the other gods' most identifiable possessions, but also the driving force behind the prophesied apocalypse, Ragnarok. Tricksters are more than thieves and mischief makers. As Lewis Hyde says in his introduction to the book Trickster Makes This World, “When he lies and steals, it isn't so much to get away with something or get rich as to disturb the established categories of truth and property and, by so doing, open the road to possible new worlds” (13).
Thor (Þórr), also known as Þunor, ðunor, Donar, Thunar, and Þunraz was the son of Odin and was known as the thunder god. Thor was the strongest god and wielded the hammer, Mjölnir. The symbol of Thor is the hammer, most commonly worn during the period of Norse Christianization as a form of defiance. The day of the Week, Thursday, is named after this god, Thor's Day.
Thor and Loki: The Tenth Realm tells the story of two siblings Thor and Loki, who go on a quest for their recently divulged sister and the tenth realm, also known as Heaven. The author deploys elaborate, illustrative graphics combined with a broad range of stylistic features to gradually unfold the makings of this narrative. Ordinarily, men are projected as the physically superior gender with their monstrous muscles and prodigious size; women are no compeer with their dainty proportions and paucity muscle mass. However according to Kimmel, "… we should not pretend that just because males are overwhelmingly more likely to commit an act of violence or a crime, women never do so" (Kimmel 8). In fact, this modern Viking text exemplifies this idea with associating women with belligerence and masculinity. Therefore the roles of gender illustrated in this
Before ECT begins, patients are given a short-acting anaesthetic and a nerve-blocking agent, paralysing the muscles of the body to prevent them from contracting during the treatment and causing fractures. Oxygen is also given to patients to compensate for their inability to breathe. Then they receive either unilateral ECT or bilateral ECT. In unilateral ECT, an electrode is placed above the temple of the non-dominant side of the brain, and a second in the middle of the forehead. Alternatively in bilateral ECT, one electrode is placed above each temple. After this, a small amount of electrical current (approximately 0.6 amps) is passed through the brain, lasting about half a second. This produces a seizure that lasts up to one minute which affects the entire brain. ECT is usually give...
Anabolic steroids are a group of muscle building chemicals, which are synthetic versions of the male hormone, testosterone. Developed in the 1930’s, they were prescribed to aid in muscle tissue repair by those who had undergone surgery or had degenerative diseases. Now the patients do not only use them but also athletes. Starting in the 1940’s steroids were introduced into sports. Steroids were one of the main reasons that Russia’s 1952 Olympic weightlifting team came out with pile of medals. With these results other nations thought their competitors should have the same advantage, and the use of steroids spread like wildfire.(NIDA pg 2) But now steroids are illegal to use if not prescribed by a physician, and have been banned by nearly all-athletic organizations, both professional and amateur.
There are many things that can alter the personality of an individual; some of these are voluntarily inflicted, while others are uncontrollable. Among the uncontrollable altercations, birth order is perhaps the largest influence on a person's disposition. Personality is influenced by the "place" a person has in their family as well as the family situation. It is important whether an individual is an only child, first born, second born, third born, a boy among girls, or a girl among boys, and so on.
Even though Loki was considered to be one of the Aesir, the Norse gods, he was actually the son of a giant, Fárbauti (“Loki”, par. 1). However, his close relationships with the gods, particularly those with Odin and Thor, might explain why he is so commonly accepted as one of them. In fact, in some accounts, it is even said to be that Loki and Odin are blood brothers (McCoy, par. 16). Loki has three wives, the first of which being Glut, who bore him two daughters, Esia and Einmyri, the second being the giantess Angrboda, who bore him three monsters, “the wolf-giant Fenrir, Hel, ruler of the Dead, and the world-serpent Jormungand”, and the third being Sigyn, who bore him two sons, Narve and Vali (McLeish, par. 5). In addition, Loki also gave birth to Sleipnir, a horse that he later gave to Odin, “after shapeshifting into a mare and courting the stallion Svaðilfari” (McCoy, par. 4).
Dunn, George et al. National Strength and Conditioning Association. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal. 7. 27-29. 1985.
...s sleep, to catch Thor, who is holding onto Loki. It is at this time that Loki finally confesses is reasoning for his actions, “I could have done it, Father! I could have done it! For you! For all of us!” (Miller). Odin does not approve of Loki or his actions at this point, and a disappointed Loki lets go of his once-brother Thor, and Loki falls into a warm whole, to be presumed dead until a year later when he comes back for revenge in the Avengers.
In what order children are born in also relates to the size of their family. Someone might be an only child, or have multiple siblings. All that depends on how many children their parents choose to have. Having more children means that money, time, and attention have to be divided between the children (Hartshorne, Joshua). The first born child is likely to receive more attention from their parents, as apposed to a second born, who’s parents are likely to be less attentive the second time around. Kevin Leman said, “Every time a child is born, the entire family environment changes. How parents interact with each child as he or she enters the family circle determines in great part that child’s final destiny.”
Odin is the ruler of the gods in Norse mythology. He was stuck by his own spear pinned to the World Tree. There he learned nine songs and eighteen runes. Odin lives in Asgard; from his throne he observes everything that happens in the nine worlds. Valhalla is a hall in Asgard where the dead warriors are taken; Odin is also known to reside there (pantheon/odin).
Furthermore, the main rising action and plot twist of the film are also products of Loki’s antics. The instigating moment which causes Thor to visit Jotunheim is in fact caused by Loki. Loki manages to sneak Giants into Asgard in order to create tension between Thor and the Giants, ultimately leading Thor to his banishment. This is consistent with events in Ragnarok, also known as the Doom of the Gods, where Loki is seen to side with, and even lead, the Giants and against the gods (Somerville and McDonald 51). The unanticipated plot twist in the film is that Loki initially betrays the gods and cooperates with the Giants, but is revealed to have double-crossed the Giants in order to gain Odin’s favour. All this treachery leads one to question Loki’s loyalty, as that is a very important quality of a warrior. This would usually bring up the subject of honour, but it is known throughout mythology that Loki is an eccentric character, and like Odin, transgresses boundaries. He has sacrificed his honour on many occasions, such as dressing up as “Freya’s” handmaiden, or seducing a horse, and fathering monstrous offspring (Lindow 217). Therefore, the fact that Loki misleads the gods and deceives the Giants in Thor is not
Thor is the son of Odin and a Giantess. Thor is connected with both the Earth and the sky due to his parents, the sky through his father and the Earth through his mother. He is one of the Aesir Gods and is considered one of the strongest amongst them.