The Rate of Reaction of an Enzyme
Prediction
I think that as the temperature raises the rate of reaction will be
quicker, until it gets to a certain temperature where the enzyme
becomes denatured. The reasons why I believe that this will happen are
due to my background research and also to my knowledge of particle
theory. When a substance is heated the particles in that substance
gain kinetic energy and move around more. This means that the
particles collide more, and the more collisions the more energy, so as
the enzyme heats up the particles will speed up making the reaction
get quicker. I think that the rate of reaction is proportional to the
temperature, so as temperature increases so does the rate of reaction
and as the temperature decreases so does the rate of reaction. But
from my research I have also found that at a certain temperature the
enzyme will become denatured meaning that it will not work as well and
the rate of reaction will be slowed down.
Variable box
============
Independent
The temperature
Dependent
The rate of reaction
Control
The volume of starch
The volume of amylase
Method
1. Collect equipment and put on goggles
2. Take 3 test tubes and put them into the tube stand
3. Fill one test tube with starch and one with amylase
4. Some experiments will need to have a beaker of water heated with
a Bunsen burner and some will need to have a beaker filled with
ice, this is so that we can get the range of temperatures
5. Using the pipet put the selected volumes of starch and amylase
into a test tube
6. Place this test tube into the heated or cooled beaker
7. Every 15 seconds take a sample and use the iodine to test for
starch
Investigation of How the Concentration of Catalase Enzyme Affects the Rate of Reaction Aim: To find out how the concentration of Catalase Enzyme will affect the enzyme activity and the rate of reaction towards Hydrogen Peroxide. (H O ) Prediction: I predict that with the higher concentration of enzyme, the likelihood of it breaking down molecules will be greater because there will be more enzymes to work at the substrate and the chances of it colliding will be higher making the activity time quicker. Equipment: · Syringe · Measuring Cylinder (×2) · Knife · Blender · Beakers (×2) · Balance · Hydrochloric Acid in a beaker · Stop clock · Potato · Water in a beaker Preliminary Experiment: In this experiment we will be using an enzyme called Catalase. By using different amounts of this enzyme we will be diluting it with water to test how the concentration of Catalase affects the rate of reaction with Hydrogen Peroxide.
The rate of reaction of Succinate dehydrogenase. Introduction: Enzymes are protein molecules that function as biological catalysts that can help break larger molecules into smaller molecules while remaining unchanged. They speed up the chemical reactions by lowering the energy of the activation barrier, specific to one molecule. The enzyme’s specificity arises from its active site, an area with a shape corresponding to the molecule with which it reacts (the substrate).
There is an optimum temperature that enzymes have for maximum productivity and its rate of reaction. This temperature is usually not that far away from the temperature of the body or room temperature. But, when the temperature is substantially reduced, like being in the ice bucket for ten minutes, this usually reduces the productivity of the enzymes. Similar to the experiment, it takes more time for the same amount of work when the temperature is severely decreased. So, an increase in temperature increases the reaction rate of enzymes. But, there is also an upper limit to the factor of temperature. After a certain temperature, the extreme heat can be harmful for the enzymes and can cause denaturation, as bonds in the enzymes can break and can change the shape of the enzyme. So, extreme low and high temperatures has a decreasing effect on the activity and reaction rate of
It is important however to note that the NH4 and K ions are still in
The Effect of Changing the Concentration of the Enzyme Catalyst on the Rate of Reaction on Hydrogen Peroxide
Affect of the Rate of Reaction of Amylase on Starch and How Its Affected by the Concentration of the Substrate
Investigating the Activity of an Enzyme Sucrose using the enzyme sucrase (invertase) can be broken down into. Glucose and Fructose -. The aim of this experiment was to find out about the activity of enzymes through measuring the micromoles of sucrase. expressed whilst the following reaction occurs:-. SUCRASE [ IMAGE ] SUCROSE GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE C12H2201 H20 C6H12O6 C6H12O6
The purpose of this experiment was to witness how enzymes act in different conditions for instance how enzymes would react in different temperatures or a different ph level.We found that any temperature which is not the standard for the enzyme will lower the productivity. For the first lab we represented our hands as catalysts and we were connecting pop beads blindley to record how effective we were, in the second trial we put on gloves to simulate how enzymes react in different temperatures, we found out enzymes are less productive in different temperatures. The second lab was more literal we used yeast as our enzyme and we put paper
We hypothesized that the more heat that we put in or the more heat that we take out, would denature the enzymes and slow down the rate. We set up a plate of depressions the same way as above. We boiled water to 50o C, poured the water onto a tray and did the steps of placing the discs in same as above and timed it until they rose above the surface. We did the same process but instead of using heat, we put ice and cold water on a tray which was about 3.5o C. The control for this experiment was the one that we did before because it was at room temperature. The results for the hot tray showed no rate. The cold tray sped up the rate of reactions making it occur faster than at room temperature starting at 6 for 100% catalase. This lab supported and disproved our hypotheses. It supported our hypothesis for adding more heat because the enzymes were in such hot conditions that the heat denatured the enzyme, making it not possible to create a chemical reaction. So the rate of reaction was zero because the enzymes didn’t split apart hydrogen peroxide. The cold tray disproved our hypothesis. We thought that the cold tray would also denature the the catalase so that there would be little to no rate. Maybe the data came out this way because the catalase was left out in room temperature for a long time that maybe when we took away the heat, it sped up the reaction rate.
Investigating the Rate of Reaction between Amylase and Starch. Plan Aim: To be able to The aim of this investigation is to find out whether the volume of amylase affects the rate of reaction between amylase and starch. Prediction: I predict that the greater the volume of amylase then the faster the rate of reaction between the starch and amylase. I predict this because of the lock and key hypothesis.
Investigating a Factor that Affects Enzyme Activity Planning -------- Aim --- To investigate a factor which will affect the activity of catalase, whilst keeping all variables constant. Possible Independent Variables ------------------------------ Here are a number of possible independent variables that could be changed in the experiment: Independent variable Continuous/Discontinuous Easy to measure?
Generally, chemical reactions speed up as temperature’s raised. This happens because as the temperature gets higher, more of the reacting molecules have enough kinetic energy to undergo the reactions. It is the same with enzyme reactions; however, if the temperature of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is raised further then its optimum; the enzyme becomes denatured. Catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. The optimum temperature for catalase is 37 degrees. The purpose of the lab is to measure and explain the affects of enzyme and substrate concentration on reaction rates of an enzyme catalyzed reaction (in a controlled experiment). Basically to learn about how temperature impacts enzyme activity (catalase). My hypothesis is as the temperature increases the enzyme activity of catalase will increase up to a certain point where the enzyme will start to denature and the activity will
Chemical Kinetics is the branch of chemistry that studies the speed at which a chemical reaction occur and the factor that influence this speed. What is meant by the speed of a reaction is the rate at which the concentrations of reactants and products change within a time period. Some reactions occur almost instantaneously, while others take days or years. Chemical kinetics understanding I used in the process of designing drugs, controlling pollution and the processing of food. Most of the time chemical kinetics is used to speed or to increase the rate of a reaction rather than to maximize the amount of product. The rate of a reaction is often expressed in terms of change in concentration (Δ [ ]) per unit of time (Δ t). We can measure the rate of a reaction by monitoring either the decrease in concentration (molarity) of the reactant or the increase in the product concentration.
Enzyme kinetics deals with the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions. This provide information about several important aspects such as:-
Before conducting my experiment I will research into, amongst other things, the factors that affect the rate of a reaction. This is so that I may enough information to understand the effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction and also gain appropriate understanding to make a suitable prediction as to what the outcome of my experiment will be.