Psychology Miss Sihera 19/10/05 Personality Development Half term Homework – Essay Question Describe and evaluate one or more psychodynamic explanations of personality development (e.g. Freud) Personality has been defined by Child (1968) as “more or less stable, internal factors that make one’s behaviour consistent from one time to another and different from the behaviour of other people would manifest in comparable situations”. Hampson (1988) then picked out four key words, “stable”, “internal”, “consistent”, and “different” and went on to develop the definition. But how do we develop our personality? Freud established a way in which he thought our personality was developed. Firstly, he suggests that the mind is divided into three parts (tripartite personality); the ID, the Ego and the Superego. The ID is also known at the pleasure principle, as it our innate drives (main instinctual drives being sex and aggression) that we are born with i.e. instant gratification e.g. “I want it now!” The Superego is also known at the morality principle, as it is your conscience and is the part of the mind which enables feelings of guilt, shame, etc. The Ego, also known as the reality principle, is the part of the mind that is aware of you external surroundings and reality. It compromises the conflict which happens between the ID and the Superego. In order or the Ego to cope with these conflicts, it uses defence mechanisms which reduce the anxiety caused by the conflict. These defence mechanisms are Intellectualisation (e.g. if you’re scared of flying, you tell yourself that it is more likely that you will be hit by a bus. You try to rationalise the situation), Denial (e.g. if someone tells you that your partner is having an affair, you tell yourself it’s not true), Projection (e.g. if someone tells you that you have a drinking problem, you turn if back on them and they say they’re the one with the problem), Displacement (e.g. if you come home from a bad day at
3. After her last drinking spree, Karen hid a half-empty liquor bottle. She couldn't remember where she hid it until she started drinking again. Karen's pattern of recall best illustrates:
3. Because he believes that "real men have no fears," 8-year-old George has difficulty accepting the fact that his father is fearful of losing his job. George's experience is most directly explained by:
Who suggested that “we feel sorry because we cry . . . afraid because we tremble”?
3. According to Emily's grandfather, Adolf Hitler's obvious emotional instability made it clear that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather's claim best illustrates:
The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the:
3. Lexi and Petri are identical twins who were separated at birth and grew up with very different families. Lexi is a skilled student who has three close friends and a loving boyfriend. Her adoptive family had difficulties accepting her when she was an infant and never really appreciated her until she reached puberty. Petri is also a good student and is very well liked in her sorority. Her adoptive family adored Petri until the family dissolved in a messy divorce when Petri was 16. Based on the core model of personality, who probably has higher self esteem, Lexi or Petri?
Crying is important in infant development, as it’s infants’ way of communicating with the world surrounding them. The types of crying an infant does is thus important to understand, to know what the infant needs as he/she cannot explain themselves with the spoken language. Furthermore, crying is important to know whether or not the infants lungs have filled with air, since they couldn’t be crying without that, but also crying infants render signs that, for an example tells whether the newborn baby’s central nervous system works and functions. There are three types of cries: a basic cry, anger cry, and an in pain cry. The basic cry is what some experts
1. Summary: From small incidences, we can distinguish two types of people: the ones who sigh in frustration out of small mistakes and those who promptly deal with them without uttering any more than a single complaint or sigh. According to Michael D. Robinson(PHD at North Dakota State University), how we cope with these most dull incidents can reveal a lot about us as humans and our temperaments. In fact, this small deviation in behavior can prove detrimental to our health long term. Just as significantly stressful events can cause stress hormones to flood throughout our body, these small incidents can harm us according to Nancy Nicolson(associate professor of psychiatry and psychology at Maastricht University). Furthermore, Nicolson points to a 10-15% increase in cortisol levels for such small annoyances, which may be small compared to the 100% increase that we usually experience from greatly stressful events such as tests, but when accumulated over time, can lead to a bad combined effect. Carmen Sandi further states that feeling chronically stressed can weaken the immune system and increase heart disease. Rosalind S. Dorlen adds on, claiming that mental strategies can be practiced to help us exercise the brain region responsible for reasoning as long as we train ourselves to deal with this persistent tissue. Next, the article lists 5 signs of stress and how to deal with them. Often, we feel inconvenienced about a situation such as when a bus comes late and view our waiting of it as a “waste of time”. Perhaps, Dorlen concludes, we should try to see why the bus may have been late and take the issue from their perspective such as a maj...
Buddha, Confucius, and other lesser known Hebrew scholars philosophized on the mind in an expansive sense.
Chapter 4 discusses the several states of consciousness: the nature of consciousness, sleep and dreams, psychoactive drugs, hypnosis, and meditation. Consciousness is a crucial part of human experience, it represents that private inner mind where we think, feel, plan, wish, pray, omagine, and quietly relive experiences. William James described the mind as a stream of consciousness, a continuous flow of changing sensations, images thoughts, and feelings. Consciousness has two major parts: awareness and arousal. Awareness includes the awareness of the self and thoughts about one's experiences. Arousal is the physiological state of being engaged with the environment. Theory of mind refers to individuals understanding that they and others think,
Joy, Sadness, Anger, Fear, and Disgust: A Review of Inside Out Thinking about what goes on inside of your head can be difficult to think about, but in the Pixar movie Inside Out directed by Pete Docter (Up and Monsters Inc.) he does a tremendous job of explaining the inner workings of a child’s mind in one of the most creative ways possible. The movie Inside Out (2015) is an animated movie based on the different emotions in the mind of a young girl named Riley, you have Joy, Sadness, Anger, Fear, and Disgust. The characters, which are all lovable, all perform certain tasks for Riley as she grows up in life and changes go on in her environment.
When I began my studies at the University of Northern Iowa, I had an interest in the field of psychology, but I was not yet sure that I wanted to pursue a career in that area. The classes that I consequently took and the professors that taught them solidified my desire to receive a degree in psychology.
Psychology is define as the study of human and animal behavior and of the mind. Psychology is a science because new use research and empirical data to answer theories and make predictions to explain different phenomena. In science we use observation, experiment, analysis and asking questions. You also must do your background research and form a hypothesis. In psychology there are typically several different hypotheses. Framework is one of them, it’s when a particular outcome is predicted based on a set of particular facts. A psychologists would test the hypothesis by using experiments for a scientific method. What makes psychology a science is the fact that they test their theories and modify them to fit new things.
Disney Pixar creates movies that are the best known and anticipated worldwide. No studio is as careful with their product and as successful with their movie making as Pixar. Yet, Inside Out, far exceeded the common expectations. This movie is one of the greatest films ever produced by Pixar thanks to director, Pete Doctor and co-director, Ronnie Del Carmen who were able to make it happen. Inside Out is the story of 11 year old Riley, whose world turns upside-down when she and her parents move to San Francisco. Riley's emotions -- led by Joy try to guide her through this difficult, life-changing events. However, the stress of the move forces Joy and Sadness to go through Riley's mind – her subconscious – in an attempt to save the long term memories
500 days of summer is a good movie young adults can relate to. This movie deal with young adulthood. This is the stage where emerging adults are at health risk. Young adulthood usually start around the age 18-25 years old. Unlike early childhood, young adults muscles are fully develop and we usually are at our set height and weight. I am this stand point of young adulthood and I could see that I changed from when I was younger until now. At this stage, of young adulthood our hormones and sex drives are going crazy. We are now at the age, well for men, that all men do is think about sex. With sex being on our mind, we go out in find it. This brings young adults that 50% of us either have or has had a STI in our lives. This can be deadly to our population,