The Effects of Rapid Urbanisation on Urban Areas
Urbanisation is the growth in the proportion of people living in urban
areas compared to rural areas and has rapidly taken place over the
last 200 years, particularly between 1800 and 1850, where there was a
population explosion. Also, more recently, between 1950 and 1990, the
proportion of people in the world living in urban areas increased by
20%. Currently the rate of urbanisation is much less rapid in MEDC’s
than LEDC’s as a large majority of the population are already living
in urban areas. The two main factors affecting urbanisation are
migration, and natural growth. Firstly, the main reason for migration
is ‘push and pull’ factors, and these in this case are things that
attract them to urban areas, and things that push them away from the
rural areas. Secondly, natural growth affects urbanisation because, in
urban areas, there are more young people on the whole, giving birth,
and therefore a higher birth rate, and lower death rate, due to easy
access to hospitals and medication etc. These two factors therefore
raise the proportion of people living in urban areas meaning
urbanisation has taken place. Urbanisation has dramatic affects on
countries, leaving behind both advantages and disadvantages. Sao
Paulo, in Brazil, is a classic example of an area where rapid
urbanisation has taken place.
Sao Paulo is the third largest city in the world, with a population of
24 million, and is forever growing (sprawl). Urbanisation has affected
this city dramatically, causing various problems to the standard of
living and housing, transport, and is causing more and more
un-employment. Due to the extreme rate of natural growth, and
migration to Sao Paulo, the city cannot develop at a fast enough rate,
resulting in a lack of housing. Due to a high demand in housing, the
house prices can be increased, meaning the poorer people are forced to
build their own squatter settlements. Around about 8 million people in
Sao Paulo live in these squatter settlements, whi8ch is about 30% of
the population.
Mike Davis in his book Planet of Slums, discusses the Third World and the impact globalization and industrialization has on both urban and poverty stricken cities. The growth of urbanization has not only grown the middle class wealth, but has also created an urban poor who live side by side in the city of the wealthy. Planet of Slums reveals astonishing facts about the lives of people who live in poverty, and how globalization and the increase of wealth for the urban class only hurts those people and that the increase of slums every year may eventually lead to the downfall of the earth. “Since 1970 the larger share of world urban population growth has been absorbed by slum communities on the periphery of Third World cities” (Davis 37). Specifically,
Urban Consolidation Factors and Fallacies in Urban Consolidation: Introduction As proponents of urban consolidation and consolidated living continue to manifest in our society, we must ensure that our acknowledgment of its benefits, and the problems of its agitator (sprawl), do not hinder our caution over its continually changing objectives. Definition Like much urban policy, the potential benefits that urban consolidation and the urban village concept seek to offer are substantially undermined by ambiguous definition. This ambiguity, as expressed through a general lack of inter-governmental and inter-professional cohesion on this policy, can best be understood in terms of individual motives (AIUSH,1991). * State Government^s participatory role in the reduction of infrastructure spending.
Describe the factors that influenced your decision to locate your urban area where you did. Remember to identify factors that influenced the location of you CDB.
Urban sprawl is the effect of the suburbs—houses that are further apart than in the city, grocery stores that are too far away to walk to, better school districts, better roads than in the country. Urban sprawl has been increasing since soon after World War II, when cities were booming and automobiles became a main source of transportation. There are pros and cons to urban sprawl. One of the cons is the possible affect on air quality because of the necessity of driving in the suburbs. Nothing is close enough to walk to, so people drive to work, to the grocery store, to pick up the kids from school, etc. In the middle of a city, the grocery store is probably easy to walk to than drive to and public transportation is readily available and cuts down on automobile use. The cost of providing transportation goes up when the population goes down. This makes the possibility of creating good public transportation in small towns very low. I grew up in Champaign, a town of about 120,000, which has a great public transportation (bus) system. Eureka, Illinois, is small enough to walk around in, but few people walk because they all own cars. A city that is a suburb has even more problems, because it is often a bedroom community with no grocery stores, etc, so it is necessary to drive everywhere. One solution to these problems that the website suggests is a Personal Rapid Transportation system (PRT). PRT offers individual pod cars which are automatically driven on a gridline in a city and its suburbs. PRT is unique because it offers privacy (individual cars for a few people) and goes to the destination that the passenger picks instead of sticking to a schedule. PRT could be used to transport goods and people. Because PRT pods are light, the gridlines could be small and take up less space, and would therefore be cheaper. PRT would decrease air pollution, in part because of decreased starting and stopping time and the possibility of using electric or solar power. PRT is currently only in two cities: Morgantown, West Virginia and London Heathrow Airport.
A mere 200 years ago, the amount of people that lived in urbanized areas accounted for less than 5% of the world’s population. Today, as many as 50 percent of the world’s population has followed the trend of urbanization, and moved from agriculture to the industrial world. Urbanization can be seen as a global challenge that has advantages and disadvantages to the world and humanity. These aspects can be explored through multiple perspectives: including its effects on international security, the political/ economical aspect, the repercussions to the environment, and even its impact on culture itself.
There are many reasons and impacts for urban expansions which enormously influences the sustenance generation of urban communities and towns. Despite the fact that in Australia a few causes include:
With increasing population the quality of life in the city started to degrade and air pollution increased. Increased population gave rise to urban sprawl i.e. wide decentralization of the city outwards. The factors that responsible for bad shape of cities are excessive dependency on cars, the poorer public transport, lack of walking and cycling pathways and the excessive growth of built-up areas.
The Negative Effects of Urbanization on People and their Environment As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this, cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity, cities also allow the freedom of a diversity of ways of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment.
An emerging issue is that of urban sprawl. While some aspects of urban sprawl has been seen since ancient times, this phenomenon has started gaining the most momentum in the past century, aided by the advancement of technology, especially with the rise of mass produced automobiles, houses and highway systems. Many people unknowingly contribute to this environmental problem, as is the nature of it. Urban sprawl deals with the growth of the suburbs, the area between the urban and rural areas of a city. Most of America’s largest cities and states, in terms of population, are prime examples of urban sprawl. Opponents of urban sprawl usually cite the government as a major cause of sprawl. The government may be a major catalyst of sprawl in the present day, but history of sprawl dates back to mainly an economic and social root rather than political. Ironically, urban sprawl is also known as rural sprawl; the terms just refer to the spreading of urban population and area into rural areas (Cornell University). With the encroachment of human development comes the destruction of wilderness areas, something that is commonly known to contribute to a wide variety of environmental problems. Automobiles are also a major part of sprawl, contributing to the depleting supply of global oil and the addition of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Noticing these negative effects, some communities around the country and the world are taking measures to reduce their city’s sprawl, ultimately saving the environment.
...population distribution designed to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration appears to have had limited success in many developing countries. Policies must be directed at altering the rural economy in order to slow the rate of urban sprawl. Broad land use planning and changing of planning standards and governmental procedures would go a long way to reduce many of the problems that face urban populations in the developing areas, especially Africa. Urbanization can cause a lot of problems for a city or even a country. It can cause cities to become overpopulated which are known as mega-cites, and cause problems with living arrangements and finding a job. Urbanization can also cause health problems. Urbanization is supposed to be good for developing countries on the rise but with this rapid growth in Africa, these problems can become a major concern in the future.
Cities all over the world are developing. As war ended in 1942, a significant number of people move to the city because they want to improve life. This urbanization process is causing a number of problems and should be met by sustainable development policies. In the beginning, it is important to know the definition of sustainable development. There are some definitions for sustainable development, but simply they say that sustainable development is a development which using resources now and preserving them for future generations (Adams, 1999, p.137). This concept has been agreed internationally at a Rio Conference in 1992 to be implemented by all government policies which mostly known as “Agenda 21” principles (Adams, 1999, p.141). This paper will show that traffic jams and housing problems caused by urbanization can be met by sustainable development policies. The structure of this paper will first explain the situation that leads to traffic jams and housing problems. Next, it will elaborate the sustainable development solutions, implications for the solutions, and evaluations how effective the sustainable development solutions solved the problems.
Urbanization is the process of becoming a city or intensification of urban elements. Since modernization, the meaning of urbanization mostly became the transformation that a majority of population living in rural areas in the past changes to a majority living in urban areas. However, urbanization differs between the developed and developing world in terms of its cause and the level of its negative outcomes. Korea, as one of the developing countries, experienced what is called ‘ overurbanization,’ and it experienced a number of negative consequences of it, although it could achieve a great economic development by it. This paper examines how urbanization differs between the West and the rest of the world, the characteristics and process of urbanization in Korea, problems sprung from its extreme urbanization, and government policies coping with population distribution.
Urbanisation is the impact of migration of people from rural to urban areas. It has a great impact on the population growth of a country because when a country becomes urbanised the birth rate tends to rise, while the death rate tends to fall. I chose the topic because of the various dimensions that go into defining the benefits as well as the pain points circumventing the topic. While on one side benefits in terms of improvement in the standard of living of migrants because of better exposure and convenience far outweighs the cons in terms of shortage of resources, space crunch as there are far more people to be accommodated in the limited resources available in cities and therefore the pressure on housing, sanitation, environment
Urban sprawl or urbanization is the migration of people from big towns or cities to more rural areas . One of the main reasons why people do this because of over crowded places or want to move to different areas to live . Urban sprawl is not a new concept even back to the ancient cities , people would move out into more rural areas in the country instead of living in over populated towns . But when people moved out into the country they wanted to build more houses and build roads , so they had to build over certain places and dig up resources to build . this created a shift in some areas of urbanization making some animals and plants to go extinct . The overuse of Urbanization is more than present in the 21st century , like China and India
Many villagers and small town dwellers want a living in big cities. With some expectations, they make a movement from villages to big cities. This migration from rural areas to big cities is called urbanization.