Battle of the Somme as a Military Tragedy

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Battle of the Somme as a Military Tragedy

photoText Box: Joseph Joffre[Photo: Joseph Joffre]Verdun was a

fortified French garrison town on the River Meuse 200km east of Paris.

In December 1915, General Erich von Falkenhayn, Chief of Staff of the

German Army, decided to attack Verdun. Although he admitted he would

be unable to break through at these points on the Western Front, he

argued that in defending Verdun, the Germans would "bleed the French

army white". The German attack on Verdun started on 21st February

1916. A million troops, led by Prince Wilhelm, faced about 200,000

French defenders. The following day the French was forced to retreat

to their second line of trenches. By 24th February the French had

moved back to the third line and were only 8km from Verdun. On 24th

February, General Henri Philippe Petain was appointed commander

Verdun. He gave orders that no more withdrawals would take place. He

arranged for every spare French soldier to Verdun. Of the 330 infantry

regiments of the French Army, 259 fought at Verdun. The German advance

was stopped at the end of February. On the 6th March, the German Fifth

Army launched a new attack at Verdun. The Germans advanced 2m before

they were stopped at Mort Homme Hill. The French held this point until

the Germans finally invaded it on 29th May. Further attacks continued

throughout the summer and early autumn. However, the scale of the

German attacks was reduced by the need to transfer troops to defend

their front-line at the Somme. Verdun ended on the 18th December. The

French Army lost 550,000 men at Verdun. It is estimated that the

German Army suffered 434,000 casualties.

After the disastrous battle of Verdun led by the French commander in

chief Joseph Joffre a new battle was to be devised to divert the

German attack to the river Somme. The battle of the Somme was one of

the most famous battles in World War 1 because of the human tragedies

and shear disaster of the battle. Joseph Joffre who led many other

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