Investigating the Effect that Concentration Has on a Reaction
INTRODUCTION
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Aim- to investigate the effect that concentration has on a reaction on
these factors:
* Temperature rise
* Heat evolved
* Heat given off due to the neutralization between Hydrochloric Acid
and Sodium hydroxide solution.
Neutralization takes place when acids react with substances called
bases. When they react their acidity is cancelled out, and the
reaction always produces a salt and water. The base can be soluble
(when called an alkali) or insoluble like copper (II) oxide.
Neutralization can be used for:
* Treating insect bites (that are acidic)
* Making fertilizers and other salts in industry.
* Reducing the acidity in soil, to make it better for plants to grow
and live in it.
The heat of neutralization is the heat change when 1 mole of the acid
used is neutralized. That is, it is the heat given out when water
molecules are produced from one mole of acid.
Following is the ionic equation that is stated for the neutralization
reaction that we will carry out in the lab.
NaOH(aq) + HCL(aq) --―> NaCL(aq) +H2O(l)
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Na+ + OH- + H+ + CL- --―> Na+ + CL- + H2O
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --―> H2O(l)
Hence, Na+(aq) + CL-(aq) --―> NaCL(s)
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When the hydrochloric acid is mixed into the sodium hydroxide
solution, the ions react with the various other ions present in the
solution.
In this increased (in volume) solution, the spectator ions are Na+ and
CL-, as the ions of H+ and OH- react to form H2O. These spectator ions
(Na+ and CL-) do not react to form a salt until the Water is formed
from the H+ and OH- ions.
In this reaction all four ions present, form bonds between each other,
In this lab, lab 4.3 Comparing the Concentrations of Saturated Solutions, we set out to find and compare the solubilities of two solids in water. In addition, we tested if solubility is a characteristic property of a solid in a given liquid. This lab allowed us to test and use a reliable way to measure the solubility of a solid. This lab can be replicated for any solid with the same procedure, thus it gives us a method to calculate solubility. The two solids we tested in this experiment were NaCl (Sodium Chloride) and NaNO3 (Sodium Nitrate).
As more NaOH is added, the pH will become more basic as H2C2O4 .2H2O has been completely neutralized and now an excess of OH- ions are present in the solution.12
Investigating How Changing the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Affects the Rate of Reaction with Sodium Thiosulphate Solution
It is important however to note that the NH4 and K ions are still in
The hydrolysis of salts can be determined on the basis of the strength of the acid or base which forms it. If the salt is formed from a strong acid and a strong base, such as NaCl, the salt will form a neutral solution, since the anions of the acid and the cations of the base will not react with the water. A salt from a weak base and a strong acid, with NH4Cl as an example, will form an acidic solution. This is due to the cations from the base that increase the hydrogen ion concentration, by donating protons, which is known as a Bronsted acid. When concerning a salt formed by a weak acid and a strong base, such as Na C2H3O2, a basic solution will form. The anions of a weak acid in water will generate hydroxide ions, since the molecule will accept protons. It is termed as a Bronsted base. Though no examples were present, the salt that forms from a weak acid and a weak base can be determined by comparing the Ka (cation) and the Kb (anion) values. Most metallic ions, those found in groups 1A and 2A on the periodic table, such as Ca2+, a strong base, will have no reaction with water. However, all other metallic ions will undergo hydrolysis to form an acidic solution, such as KAl (SO4)2. As the Al is the molecule that was hydrolyzed, the spectator ions would not be present in the hydrolysis reaction, as is shown in the net ionic equations
Investigation to find out if changes in concentration of acid affect the rate of a chemical reaction
and it is necessary for the back of the gas syringe to be taken out,
Total ionic- Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + H2O(l) (Eq. 10)
The Effects of Concentration on Reaction Rate with Sodium Thiosulphate ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Planning = == == =
The actual, theoretical, and percent yield of sodium chloride was found. Sodium Carbonate was mixed with hydrochloric acid and the liquid was boiled until there was nothing left. The result was the production of salt, or sodium chloride.
Investigationg of Chemical and Physical Changes Why I am conducting this experiment? In order to learn how to recognize chemical and physical changes, I have to carry out this experiment to see different chemical and physical changes of different substance. How can we recognize physical changes and chemical changes? -----------------------------------------------------------
Lewis acidic because it is able to donate a hydrogen ion (Kotz et al., 1996).
The simplest experiment for this type of situation would be to use red and blue litmus paper to distinguish between acids, bases and salts. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) makes blue litmus paper change color going from blue to red, making it an acid. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) makes red litmus paper change color going from red to blue, making it a base. Sodium chloride solution (NaCl) is neutral, since it would only soak blue and red litmus paper, considering that it is a by product of when an acid and a base mix together, neutralizing each other.
PROPER IRRIGATIION CAN PREVENT SALT FROM BUILDING UP BECAUSE THE WATER CAN DRAIN THE SALTS AND SPREAD IT OUT SO THAT THE SALTS AREN’T CONCENTRATED IN ONE AREA!!!
Concentration's Effect on the Speed of Reaction Between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid Planning 1: The aim of this investigation is to find out the effect of acid concentration in the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and magnesium ribbon. The rate of a chemical reaction is a measure of how fast the reaction takes place. A high concentration of hydrochloric acid could mean a fast reaction whereas as a low concentration could mean a slow long reaction. I will be testing different concentrations of acid reacting with magnesium in two separate experiments, which will hopefully prove this initial prediction. [IMAGE][IMAGE] During my science lesson I have learnt the following information that has enabled me to plan my investigation.