Investigating the Effect that Concentration Has on a Reaction

3728 Words8 Pages

Investigating the Effect that Concentration Has on a Reaction

INTRODUCTION

============

Aim- to investigate the effect that concentration has on a reaction on

these factors:

* Temperature rise

* Heat evolved

* Heat given off due to the neutralization between Hydrochloric Acid

and Sodium hydroxide solution.

Neutralization takes place when acids react with substances called

bases. When they react their acidity is cancelled out, and the

reaction always produces a salt and water. The base can be soluble

(when called an alkali) or insoluble like copper (II) oxide.

Neutralization can be used for:

* Treating insect bites (that are acidic)

* Making fertilizers and other salts in industry.

* Reducing the acidity in soil, to make it better for plants to grow

and live in it.

The heat of neutralization is the heat change when 1 mole of the acid

used is neutralized. That is, it is the heat given out when water

molecules are produced from one mole of acid.

Following is the ionic equation that is stated for the neutralization

reaction that we will carry out in the lab.

NaOH(aq) + HCL(aq) --―> NaCL(aq) +H2O(l)

[IMAGE]

[IMAGE]

[IMAGE]

[IMAGE]

Na+ + OH- + H+ + CL- --―> Na+ + CL- + H2O

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --―> H2O(l)

Hence, Na+(aq) + CL-(aq) --―> NaCL(s)

-------------------------------------

When the hydrochloric acid is mixed into the sodium hydroxide

solution, the ions react with the various other ions present in the

solution.

In this increased (in volume) solution, the spectator ions are Na+ and

CL-, as the ions of H+ and OH- react to form H2O. These spectator ions

(Na+ and CL-) do not react to form a salt until the Water is formed

from the H+ and OH- ions.

In this reaction all four ions present, form bonds between each other,

Open Document