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Upper class in the Victorian era
Victorian era and social class
Beginning of the Victorian era
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The Victorian era of Great Britain marked the period where class hierarchy was most apparent. For the people in this time period, the quality of their everyday life depended on their social class. Different social classes were recognized by inequalities in areas of power, wealth, working and living conditions, education, religion and culture. The aristocrats maintained control over the political, economic and social systems that were operating in Britain. The commoners on the other hand, were left to scrape off the wastes and residues deposited by the elites. The noble believed that they earned the right by birth to dominate and be worshipped. The upper classes grew decadent, reveling in flamboyance and unlimited possession, focusing too much …show more content…
The governess’ quest for ultimate possession of the children leads to her confrontation of the “ghosts” of Miss Jessel and Peter Quint. The governess’ first encounter with Peter Quint portrays the apparent clout of Peter Quint. He “stood high up … and the very top of the tower” (310) while she stares at him from below. Peter Quint’s fixation on the governess represents a threat to the governess’ subjective position over Bly. However, as the story progresses, the author indicates the switch in power possession from Quint to the governess. In her third encounter with Quint, the governess was at the top of the stairs while Peter Quint was “halfway up the stairs” (341) attempting to reach the top. This scene symbolizes Peter Quint’s effort to reclaim his control over the children and his failure in accomplishing his goal, which was due to the governess’ attestation of strength, confidence and …show more content…
Peter Quint and the governess simply had authority over a house with two innocent children and they wreaked havoc upon the entire household. It would therefore be chaotic if this group of “lower class” had supreme power over the political, social and economic system of England. He proves that the customs of the Victorian era social class and authority should be maintained in the hands of the elites, who as a result of their birthrights to rule, possess the innate skills and knowledge needed to uphold a peaceful and orderly
In conclusion, it is not the ghosts, as the governess suspected, that are corrupting the children, but the governess herself, through her continually worsening hysteria that is corrupting the children. Both Peter Quint and Miss Jessel are not real ghosts that have the peculiar habit of appearing before the governess and the governess alone but they are merely the signs of the fragmenting mental state of the governess.
A Fierce Discontent by Michael McGerr delves into the revolution of values from the victorian era to the progressive within the late nineteen century to the early twentieth century. McGerr’s major argument is the contrast between this set of values. The gilded age which McGerr focuses is the period where progressive values begin to take form and societal change ensues. The victorian values are values which epitomizes the British culture as just the name of the era is derived from queen Victoria. Alternatively the progressive era was a political reform focusing on anti corruption, women suffrage, and fixing the social problems plaguing society. McGerr argues that the victorian era and progressive era strikes few similarities within the
In America, the late 19th Century was known as the Victorian Era. It was a time when pro-private upper class culture dominated the nation, a time of liberation from the burden of the past and a time when the development of science and technology flourished. The Victorians believed that the advancement in science and technology served as a mean for protection, and could bring in an abundant of wealth and power, something they desired. The middle-class admired those from the upper-class, as they imitated the lives of the wealthy families. It was a period of competition and the survival of the fitness for the Victorians. While these neighbors, friends and families competed against each other for wealth, there was competition between workers and machineries in the cities, as labor was gradually being replaced by modern technology.
When Queen Alexandrina Victoria took reign of england on june 20th 1837, her country was amidst a class evolution derived from the consequences of industrialization. Early industrialization saw vast exploitation of the lower classes, but by the mid 19th century reforms had improved working conditions. The late industrialization era saw the s...
The governess’s moral ambiguity defines the book as a whole, creating the tension for the book and going beyond a simple ghost story; The reader’s growing questions about the true moral standing of the governess is tantamount with the overarching plot of the story, creating the uncertain finale of the novel through her and concluding with the reader questioning the true record of events and the novel
The last two centuries have been full of drastic changes in the human condition. Today, we tend to overlook just how drastic those changes were. Britain during the late 18th Century provides an excellent example because both the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution were chipping away at the established social order. In Britain, the aristocracy had ruled in relative stability since the medieval period. There were power struggles but the ideology of privilege remained untouchable. British society considered privilege a reward for refinement and expected a gentleman to distinguish himself by following a specific code of conduct. However, his duty and honor depended on more than a code; he also had to feel sympathy for the weaker sex and the lower classes and know when to act accordingly. This sensibility made him “gentle” and a just participant in the governing process. In the 1790’s and 1800’s these gentlemanly ideals were eroding. Yet, while the British did not guillotine their nobles like the French did, many still said that rapid change could unravel the delicate balance of society perpetuated by a refined nobility. The rise of merchants and industrialists into the ranks of the upper class graphically illustrated a shift toward individual success and the selfish ideology of capitalism. Gentlemen through birth and education were losing ground to these nouveaux-rich and consequently the ruling class disconnected further from their communities.
When researching daily life in the Elizabethan Era, there were two prominent social classes throughout most of England. The upper or noble class families were akin to today’s upper class. However, the low-class families were much different from today’s low-class families. The gap between the two classes was so huge and a majority of England was impecunious. Most of the low class was orphans, abandoned wives, widows, the infirm, and the elderly. Each class, even the ones in the middle would despise anyone in a class lower than their own (Forgeng 21). Due to a lack of education, an overload of household responsibilities, and a lack of social acceptance, low-class Elizabethan English children were unable to flourish.
The Mid-Victorian Period of Britain contained many social and cultural movements, however there is one that stands above the rest and truly defined the time period. One word, “progress,” sums up the entire time period. Reforms were abundant and covered a wide variety of issues. All social classes, ranks, and occupations were affected by the cult of progress and it’s dedication to improving the kingdom. Wilson made this clear when he stated, “Progress was the watchword of the age: advance, improvement, struggle, and climb” (Wilson, The Victorians, pp. 94). When a cult of progress exists, like the one in this period, all facets of life are effected socially and culturally. The Cult of progress exemplifies the Mid-Victorian British era as
The public education system in Victorian England was originally intended for the education of the poorer working classes, and the training of clergy (Landow, par. 2). The children of the upper classes were often educated at home by private tutors, and therefore it was assumed the public schools would be a place for members of the lower classes. Despite the original intentions of public education, the schools eventually became a primary means of helping to elevate the status of the middle classes. In fact, rather than being primarily concerned with the imparting of knowledge, “the whole educational process was designed to mold the student into a young Christian Gentleman” (Everett, par. 2). The middle and upper classes wanted to keep children of the working classes from being educated, perhaps as a means of social control, and thus according to Eric Hobsbawm, in 1897 less than 7% of academic secondary school students were members of the working class (qtd. in Landow, pa...
One Victorian sentiment was that a civilized individual could be determined by her/his appearance. This notion was readily adopted by the upper classes and, among other things, helped shape their views of the lower classes, who certainly appeared inferior to them. In regards to social mobility, members of the upper classes may have (through personal tragedy or loss) often moved to a lower-class status, but rarely did one see an individual move up from the abysmal lower class. Although poverty could be found almost anywhere in Victorian London (one could walk along a street of an affluent neighborhood, turn the corner, and find oneself in an area of depravity and decay), most upper-class Londoners, who tended to dwell in the West End, associated the East End with the lower class.
Unintentionally, this shows the governess’ true character. She is hardly sympathetic. Henry James says she is a young woman who is concerned, over-dramatic, snobbish, and trapped in her obsession over her employer. Upon arriving at Bly, she begins to take over the household and after meeting Flora, she pompously exclaims, “I felt quite sure she would presently like me. It was part of what I already liked Mrs. Grose herself for, the pleasure I could see her feel in my admiration and wonder” (2). The self-obsessed governess takes advantage of her elevated position that to her it seems only right that she reins the lives of the children. She becomes caught up in the fathomed idea that she is to be responsible for Flora and Miles. Later, after she envisions the evil spirits, the governess believes she is the one who is solely able to save the children from the spirits’ intentions. In point of fact, by saving them, she asserts the image of her responsibility that she has placed upon herself.
Kailey Durnez History 132 Dr. Liles During the gilded age it was a time when individual freedom and governmental regulations meant differently from those of upper and middle class to working class. The differences these social classes faced were mainly due to the wealthy of the people. Upper and middle class consisted of wealthy doctors and lawyers as the working class consisted of factory workers who could barely put food on the table. The upper and middle class believed in social Darwinism, as the working class had denied social Darwinism.
Theatres, musicals, proms concerts and films entertained the growing population. The upper classes led such a lavish life of luxury that the Edwardian era is now infamous for its elegance, ostentation, extravagance and sexual license. However despite the illusions of these secure times this epoch was full of hypocrisy, prejudice and exploitation. There was a huge divide between the upper and lower classes and the difference between the affluent lifestyle the wealthy lived compared to the downtrodden existence of the poor was remarkable.
As the middle class began to further divide, those who grew in wealth became known as a banking/industrial class. Along with their sudden economic prosperity there came a desire for social transformation- an aspiration for new aristocracy. They carried their traditional middle class values into prominence with their accumulation of wealth. They sought to achieve a merit oriented Society rather than social climbing, for their children's sake, into the existing one based solely on birth. This hindered the new class from ever attaining Aristocratic Social acceptance for their new wealth and deemed them the nouveaux riche. Despite obvious disapproval from the Aristocracy the nouveaux riche continued their economic ascent through "personal contact [which] was a crucial element in filling posts" (Loftus 5). This dependence upon others for mounting economic standing was contrary to the middle class value of independence. This industrial class was forced to rely upon the connections, potentially aristocratic, in order to succeed. Loftus explains that middle-class values were carved out in these attempts to define a society based on merit rather than aristocratic privilege. However, the importance of cultural capital and social networks to success in the period implies that the rise of the middle-classes in the Victorian period saw the replacement of one set of privileges with another (Loftus 4). However the Nouveaux Riche failed to fully assimilate into aristocratic society due to lack of pedigree.
Two hundred years ago, during the reign of Queen Victoria in England, the social barriers of the Victorian class system firmly defined the roles of women. The families of Victorian England were divided into four distinct classes: the Nobility or Gentry Class, the Middle Class, the Upper Working Class, and lastly, the Lower Working class . The women of these classes each had their own traditional responsibilities. The specifics of each woman’s role were varied by the status of her family. Women were expected to adhere to the appropriate conventions according to their place in the social order . For women in Victorian England their lives were regulated by these rules and regulations, which stressed obedience, loyalty, and respect.