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essay on bertrand russell
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Bertrand Russell is a very influential writer within the realm of philosophy. His specific work titled, The Problems of Philosophy discusses the many things that he believes is wrong with the way people think, act towards, treat, and study philosophy as a whole. The one specific essay focused on was titled The Value of Philosophy in chapter xv. This essay focused on why he believes that philosophy was worth studying and why he believes that those who don’t see his vision are wrong and at a disadvantage. More specifically he addresses the “practical man”, which he defines specifically as “one who recognizes only material needs, who realizes that men must have food for the body, but is oblivious of the necessity of providing food for the mind” …show more content…
Russell states that this is an important reason to understand as one studies philosophy and learns how to think on their own. This important reason lies much deeper than philosophy itself. Russell states that “the value of philosophy is, in fact, to be sought largely in its very uncertainty” (Russel 156). This seems contradictive at its surface as Russell explains that philosophy itself is very important to study but, with deeper analysis, it make much more sense. He emphasizes throughout the essay that philosophy develops one’s mind and changes the way they think. Rather than accepting popular opinion, he stresses that thinking deeply about everything in life can only benefit each person. The beauty of philosophy is that it contains no sure answer, which challenges one to think more intellectually and deeper about everything in …show more content…
Russell provides a few good arguments that would make people consider looking into philosophy, who would otherwise not think about it. He explains that thinking like the “practical man” could lead to one becoming dogmatic rather than thinking deeply and coming to one’s own conclusions. He also addresses the importance of studying philosophy as one would study natural sciences. Russell’s reasons for studying philosophy involve the importance of philosophy itself, as well as reasons for studying which will benefit one much deeper than just philosophy. His evidence is too compelling to argue in my eyes, which is why I agree with his reasons for studying
Philosophy is defined by Webster as "Love and pursuit of wisdom by intellectual means and moral self-discipline" or "Investigation of the nature, causes, or principles of reality, knowledge, or values, based on logical reasoning rather than empirical methods." This essay is a general look at those who pursued that intellectual means, those who investigated, even those who reasoned Reason. Because volumes could be written and this is a rather quick, unworthy paper: apologizes.
...arguments to be understood. He, again, displayed an illogical characteristic of theism by pointing out God’s special attention towards our planet. Also, Russell highlighted the fact that religious people believe blindly in their faith and ignore logical arguments that question their beliefs. Furthermore, he showed how theists ineffectively linked happiness with religion and then refuted their irrational ideology by providing logical reasoning. However, at some instances, Russell’s article showed signs of bias towards theism and ignorance of certain theistic beliefs which made some parts of his arguments somewhat ineffective. To conclude, Russell provided the reader with strong rational arguments that possibly made the reader doubtful about God’s existence or, at least, think about the degree of God’s credibility.
Irvin, Andrew. "Bertand Russell." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. N.p., 18 Oct 2013. Web. 22 Mar 2014. .
Lastly, Russell begs the reader not to go against his theory unless at least the reader can himself reveal his own theory on denotation.
What does Rorty mean by calling philosophy “edifying”? What are the main arguments that have been raised against this view? Do you think the arguments or Rorty are right? Why? Why not?
William Lyon Phelps, an American educator, journalist, and professor, believed, “If you develop the absolute sense of certainty that powerful beliefs provide, then you can get yourself to accomplish virtually anything, including those things that other people are certain are impossible.” Phelps believed that certainty is the key to overcoming the impossible. He believed that absolute certainty and confidence in oneself will allow one to accomplish anything he or she put her mind to. It is common for underdogs in different competitions to side with Phelps because they are told that it is impossible for them to win. These competitors use the doubters claims as fuel to motivate themselves and become absolutely certain that they can and will overcome the impossible. On the other hand, Bertrand Russell stated, “I think we ought always to entertain our opinions with some measure of doubt.” Russell, a British author, mathematician, and philosopher. believed that doubt will allow to people to adjust their opinions and envision what their decision may or may not lead to. He believed that nothing is ever truly certain; therefore, there would always be a period of doubt in the decision-making process. This view was extremely common in the minds of people in scientific or academic fields because they know that in the process of perfecting an idea includes multiple trials, errors, and periods of
"The point of philosophy is to start with something so simple as not to seem worth stating, and to end with something so paradoxical that no one will believe it"
The first sentence of Russell’s The Problems of Philosophy expresses his skeptical roots: "Is there any knowledge in the world which is so certain that no reasonable man could doubt it?" (Russell 7). His answer to the question is clearly no, and before we come to the end of the second page he claims that "anything. . . may be reasonably doubted" (Russell 8). He questions everything from the existence of the table to whether other minds exist. He asserts that reality is not what it appears and that "even the strangest hypothesis may not be true" (Russell 16). Regardless of this fact, Russell proceeds to explain which things are self-evident truths for him; i.e. that which is certain knowledge for him. He claims that the most certain kind of self-evident truths are the "principles of logic" (Russell 112). The only other kinds of self-evident truths for Russell "are those which are immediately derived from sensation" (Russell 113). These are what Russell calls sense-data. Examples of sense data are things like "brown colour, oblong shape, smoothness, etc." all of which are associated with external objects (Russell 12). The immediate perception of a patch of blue is, therefore, intuitively certain according to Russell. Despite all this certain knowledge, Russell still admits that the possibility "that [the] outer world is nothing but a dream and that [I] alone exist…cannot be strictly proved to be false" (Russell 17). I find it astonishing that he concedes that all knowledge is ultimately uncertain and then goes on to proclaim some semblance of certainty for himself. Also, he concludes by saying that it is the process of asking skeptical questions that is important to philosophy, not whether an answer can be found. Thus, Russell’s doubt is not evidently driven by the sense of separateness that Cavell refers to. He is by no means despairing.
Bertrand Russell's method of approaching his subject in Problems of Philosophy embraces the Cartesian technique of radical doubt, in which the author revokes any former assumptions about certain reality and existence. In the first chapters, Russell's enquiry into the nature of reality in comparison to appearance begins with the observation of his immediate surroundings. By examining a table, for example, he determines that the table's colour, texture, and shape are sufficient to prompt doubt as to whether or not the table exists. The sensations of these qualities are not fixed by a reality; they are apparent possibilities and each depends on the conditions of observation, and thus an individual loses confidence in the senses.
Bertrand Arthur William Russell was a British Philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian and social critic. Russell was a prominent anti-war activist, he championed anti-imperialism and went to prison for his pacifism during World War I. Later, he campaigned against Adolf Hitler, then criticized Stalinist totalitarianism, and he also attacked the involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War. Bertrand Russell was the recipient of countless awards for excellence during his long lifetime (1872-1970), including the Nobel Prize for literature, which he won in 1950. The range of his critical inquiry is without parallel in contemporary Western culture. Russell described himself as an agnostic, "speaking to a purely philosophical audience", but as an atheist "speaking popularly", on the basis that he could not disprove the Christian God similar to the way that he could not disprove the Olympic Gods either. For most of his adult life Russell maintained that religion is little more than superstition and, despite any positive effects that religion might have, it is largely harmful to people. . In the article the author explains to the reader and stresses upon the opinion as to why the existence of god is a false concept and thus concludes that there is no point in believing in a supreme ruler. The author expressively portrays his argument to the reader through the usage of strong progression of ideas supported with examples, a criticizing yet neutral tone with emotional appeal and rhetorical questions posed at the author with good development of language.
... wise person's and philosopher's opinions with truth. Both truth and opinions are important aspects to philosophy but the distinction between the two is even more important. Without the search for truth and the base of opinions to test for truthfulness philosophy as an institution would fail to exist.
his nation, and from the convictions which have grown up in his mind without the
Bertrand Russell explains in his article that the value of philosophy is not in the definite answers, but in the questions and possibilities that it raises. He states that “The value of philosophy is, in fact, to be sought largely in its very uncertainty.” This can relate to the Milesians, the answers they came up with weren’t important, but the process used to get them. He says that the more we practice philosophy the more we begin to question everyday things in our life, and we come to find that the answers are only bigger questions. These questions lead to limitless possibilities, broadened horizons, and freedom from what we “know”. Russell hints that philosophy can help you see things in a different light, in a sense taking off the rose colored glasses and seeing the world for what it is.
The term “philosophy” means the love of wisdom, and those that study philosophy attempt to gain knowledge through rationality and reason. 1 Socrates, the father of ancient philosophy, once stated “the unexamined life is not worth living”. This is the most important part of life and it is need to find purpose and value in life. If a person chooses to live their life without examination, their life would lack value and they would be unhappy. They would also be ignorant to the effects of their choices on themselves and the people around them.
Philosophy can be described as a chance for a person to undertake an opportunity to understand themselves, our world and society, and relations between ourselves and one another. Those who are able to study philosophy can find out what is to be human, what kind of person is it good to be, and especially how are we to live a good life. I, myself, have had an opportunity to take a philosophy class and as my time in philosophy is starting to come to a close, I am suddenly realizing how philosophy has changed the aspects and my outlook upon my life.