Value Added Taxes
A value-added tax (VAT) is a fee that is assessed against businesses by a government at various points in the production of goods or services, usually any time a product is resold or value is added to it. For tax purposes, value is added whenever the value of a product increases as a result of the application of a company's factors of production, such as labor and equipment. With VAT, the taxable amount is based on the value added at each stage of the process of producing goods and bringing them to market. By imposing a tax on receipts but then allowing a credit for VAT taxes collected at earlier stages of production, the credit-invoice VAT taxes the “value added” by each business. The total tax, regardless of the stage of production at which it was collected, ends up being added to the final sales price. No matter how many steps there are in the production process, a fixed percent of the final price of the product would represent the value-added tax, just as a retail sales tax is a fixed percent of the final product price. However, unlike a sales tax, the cost of the VAT to consumers would be hidden. Unless politicians took the unlikely step of requiring retailers to state explicitly the portion of the sales price that is due to the VAT, consumers would be unaware of the tax (Wikipedia Encyclopedia).
The concept of VAT was first adopted by France in 1954. By 2000, it was used by Canada and 40 other industrialized countries. In most cases, the percentage of tax charged varies based on the necessity of the particular product, so the tax on food would generally be less than the tax on luxury items like boats. In recent years, VAT has been proposed for use in the United States as a way to simplify business and personal income tax laws. Proponents claim that VAT would replace other forms of taxation and reduce the costs of tax compliance. In fact, some people say that adopting VAT would eliminate tax returns for individuals and make the Internal Revenue Service obsolete. On the other hand, opponents argue that VAT would be more complicated to implement than other tax-reform options, such as a national sales tax. They also worry that it would increase the cost of food, medicine, and other necessities, which would hurt the poor. A value-added tax has a flat tax rate rather a progressive one.
NATIONAL INCOME National income is the sum of money value of net flow of all the goods and services produced by normal residents of a country during a period of account. According to Central Statistical Organization (CSO) ‘National income is the sum of factor incomes earned by normal residents of a country in the form of wages, interest and profit in an accounting year.’ National product is the net output of commodities and services flowing during the year from the country’s productive system
be attributed to their value chain strategy in which customers ultimately had the power (Robbins & Coulter, 2009). Value chains exist to create value for the customer at each step of the product’s life, from raw materials to marketing to final product disposal or reuse (“Value Chain,” n.d.). The sequence of this chain is intended to create a high value product for the customer at a low cost. Crocs’ use of the value chain allowed them to create a valuable product and add value as the company grew, but
school care services that can accommodate their schedule. This targeted group will have the income for child care services and is willing to spend more to get quality care and academic enrichment for their children. Since Creative Learning Center’s values is based on Christian beliefs, the company will also offer grant program for those home in the lower income bracket. Creative Learning Center believe that low-income children show have the same opportunity as the children from middle to upper class
real task to develop a strategic plan for a real client. We did confront difficulty and overcome obstacles such as dealing with the clients, understanding and taking advantages of the multinational group, creating insights of the projects, and adding value to the company. In fact, we took this chance to apply and turn the theories of global competitiveness into practice. Thanks to the project, I have enhanced my personal skills of interacting with the client and the team. I also comprehend and am able
improving the value added content, short delivery lead time and inventory management as main values of the company. Aggressively invest R&D to provide an on-line booking and ordering system to further improve customer’s time-to-market, facilitate the BAS sale order; provide the customer “efficient, low price, one-stop-shop” experience that will differentiate A/S from competitors. Focus on VA sales and improve the service, consistently grow sale volume of VA content. Support Values of Arrow/Schweber
gut feeling. There are also other method to reach potential final consumers and households ; 1. Demonstrate Value Actions speak louder than words. If you want clients to be aware of the value of your products or services, you will need to give them a test drive. Open the door with newsletters, workshops, a free session or articles found on your web site. Over time demonstrating the value you provide will convince prospective clients of your ability to solve their problems and help position you as
Introduction The reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act known as No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2011) has made increasing student achievement and reducing inconsistencies in the dissemination of teacher qualifications a national priority (Guarino, Brown, & Wyse, 2011). Classic fixed salary schedules that consider only a teacher’s education and years of experience have been popular since the 1920’s (Koppich, 2005). This traditional system was developed to counter gender and racial
we know if all your bills have been received and paid? Or are we running up late payment charges, penalties, or possible discontinuation of facilities? BillDesk was The local DSAs and the brokers are facing threats by the online DSAs because of the value and the intelligent services these E- brokers provide to the customers. Banks and the NBFCs have also played a smart move, and they are getting into a tie-up with these e-brokers to expand their customer base and gain more on client acquisition. Banks
The run of human kind for more efficiency, productivity and progress may have just about start to show its dark side. For decades the universal truth was that the better we will be in those categories, the more everyone will benefit. Well, it is turning out that it may not be entirely true. This paper aims to argue and reason why we should be worried about future of workplace, its mechanization to be more specific. It is based on the fact that World has technologically evolved and mechanized in the
driver will provide value and benefit to its target market. Taylor Made are one of the leading golf manufacturers in the world and have a reputation of quality and innovation. This is shown by the number of golf professional who uses their equipment. Taylor Made released the Rocketballz driver on the 3 February 2012. Taylor made needed to ensure it developed a marketing concept which would create quality by developing a driver up to professional standards while making it value for money for its target
Hard goods include fashion accessories, festive or holiday products, furnishings, giftware, handicrafts, home products, fireworks, sporting goods, toys and travel goods. Hard goods provide higher margins than soft goods because they require higher value added services. Hard goods items such as watches, shoes, suitcases, kitchenware, or teddy bears require an inspector for quality control evaluation for even the smallest batch order, thereby greatly increasing what Li & Fung could charge. Margins for
financially and there are opportunities to improve the quality of care, add value too, advance employee morale, expand organizational design, produce a robust team environment, and expand into new specialty services. As a consultant for this hospital I suggest that we focus on some key observances that I have seen in the past two months here. I have witnessed an atmosphere that does not value the patient. There are uncomfortable
1) The Roles of Accounting Information System for value chains. An Accounting Information System (AIS) can be defined as software that helps accountants to collect data and process it to create information ((Bagranoff, Simkin and Norman 2010) Therefore, AIS has several roles. A main role is to integrate all information system for effective management within a company, connecting different departments with relevant information. Another role is to assist the organisation to make decisions by preparing
primarily when quantitative levels of production are important measures of business success. Gains are shared with unit/department employees on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis according to some predetermined formula calculated on the value of gains of production over labor and other costs. The plan lets employees reap some of the rewards of their efforts through teamwork and cooperation and by working smarter and harder. Gain sharing plans offer the following: · Directly ties pay
"Sources of competitive advantage rarely yield added value that can be sustained over time." The following essay is going to attempt to assess the above proposition and try to find if it is possible to add value continually over a period of time. I will first discuss what competitive advantage is and what it means to a firm. Then I will explain the sources of competitive advantage and how the distinctive capabilities of a firm allow it to sustain added value. The discussion is based on a number of viewpoints