Sensor is a device that responds to a physical, chemical, biological or electrical stimulus as an electrical output signal which is a function of input stimulus.
The device responds to the input stimulus by monitoring the change in oscillation frequency for acoustic waves.
INPUT SOURCES
The input stimulus could be physical such as changing pressure, temperature or stress. It also may be chemical such as particular gas concentration or the chemical agent. It also include biological input stimulus which include bacterial concentration, antibodies concentration. It also may be electrical which consists of strength of electrical or magnetic field or the change in conductivity of the materials.
The acoustic wave devices respond by changing its resonant frequency when transduction is given to the devices[1] by the input stimulus. Due to change in environmental factors such as change in temperature, pressure and stress the manufacturing of acoustic based products were very sensitive.
QUATRZ BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE
In BAW (Quartz Bulk Acoustic Wave), the resonant frequency get dramatically shifted due to the amount of metallization on its surface. This property is utilised for tuning the resonant frequency in a fine manner within the tolerance range. This process of tuning is called mass loading.
SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE
In this acoustic wave there is a delay line. If the deposition of the metal occurs in the delay path of this device, there will be increase in delay. When this device is combined with feedback amplifier to form an oscillator then surely there will be decrease in oscillation frequency.
ACOUSTI CS[2]
It is a branch of physics which deals with generation, propagation, reception and analysis of sound waves. The following are the imp...
... middle of paper ...
...ith a polymer Love waveguide coating is obtained.
POTENTIAL MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS
Major markets types of sensors
• Military 1.Chemical
• Automotive 2.Biological
• Industrial and environmental 3.Physical
• Food industry
• Medical
MILITARY APPLICATIONS
Chemical Agent Detectors
Blister- Mustard, Lewisite etc...
Blood- Hydrogen Cyanide, Cyanogen Chloride etc...
Choking/Lung- Chlorine, Cyanide etc...
Incapacitating- Canniboids, Phenothiazines etc...
Nerve- Sarin, Soman etc...
Bio-Agent Detectors
Anthrax, Botulism, Plague, Smallpox, Q-fever etc...
FUNDING AGENCIES
Army Research Laboratory (ARL)
Office of Naval Research (ONR)
Air Forest Research Laboratory (AFRL)
Department of Defence (DOD)
Agriculture (PA) definition is evolving with technology development. Most precise definition may be “The application of technologies and agronomic principles to manage spatial and temporal variability associated with all aspects of agricultural production for the purpose of improving crop performance and environmental quality”[1]. PA is conceptualized by a system approach to re-organize the total system of agriculture towards a low-input, high-efficiency and sustainable agriculture[2]. As new technologies
concern about the future is how to use all required energy without damaging the environment. Hence, this essay will show how Control and Automation Engineering can contribute with the world in that subject. Even with a large number of people thinking this engineering only brings bad consequences such as the unemployment of people, who was replaced by robots, and the pollution of the industries, it can provide efficient forms to reduce energy consumption and foment the use of renewable energy. Along the
O_6+O_2=〖CO〗_2+H_2 O+686kc. A number of methods to determine the amount of energy produced and the quantities of oxygen and carbon (IV) oxide used and consumed respectively have been put in place. These can be calculated by the use of oxygen sensor as well as carbon (IV) oxide sensor. There is a difference in the amount of Oxygen utilized as well the amount of Carbon dioxide produced during respiration under different conditions for germination. There are several factors that bring about this difference
Chemical sensors is a term which is often used in conjunction with words like molecular sensor and chemosensor, all of which more or less mean the same thing and can relate to both a designed molecule used for sensing and the analytical device that helps deliver real time information about specific compounds in which the designed molecule is used in. IUPAC defines a 'chemical sensor as a device that transforms chemical information, ranging from the concentration of a specific sample component to
It is a very cost effective way to reduce lightning energy consumption using motion sensors, time of the day scheduling, occupancy detection, mood sensors and light level sensing. Lighitng can be turned on/off automatically with the help of motion and occupancy detectors which detect the presence of a human being and thus taking advantage of saving electricity with almost no human effort. Mood sensors change lighting according to the moods of a person. Photocells can detect the time of the
next target. With digital picture acquisition getting better everyday, movies are beginning to be shot completely digital. There are a number of plusses and minuses of shooting digitally but digital cinematography will soon replace film in most productions. The emergence of digital or "electronic" cinematography, began in the late 1980's. Sony came up with an idea for a HDTV camera but there was little interest in this concept. Most all television shows and commercials are shot using some form
and everything in between. The vision of Andrews, Inc is “To be the manufacturer’s choice for sensors, powering the things of everyday life.” Our goal is to build sensors which are adequate, affordable and accessible to the business customers building the products of today. The Andrews business customer is looking for sensors which will get the job done. Put another way, they are need a basic sensor designed to meet their product needs. Our customers are looking for ways to increase their contribution
of labor" in which an individual specialized in one aspect of an item's production. With the Industrial Revolution the 1800's, people began using machines to do their work for them. Through the 1900's to today, we are seeing electronics make even more sophisticated machines possible. It seems with each new step of technology, industry is becoming more and more automated, completely changing the role people play in production. The average "worker" is nearly extinct, having been replaced by engineers
agriculture products’ safety accidents in recent years. To minimize the hidden danger of it, we should enhance the management on the process of agriculture production. Food safety traceability system is an application in IOT. For example, all the pork into a farmer's market will be put on an electronic chip to trace its production, processing, wholesale and retail. Consumers can get a receipt which contains retrospective food safety code to know all the information on origin place, abattoir
Survey on wireless sensor networks: Many recent advancements which took place in the wireless communications and electronics is the reason which enabled development of cost effective sensors, and those sensors are used for various applications like in household, military and other areas. The networks still have some technical problems which still need to be fixed and are currently being researched. Primarily a wireless sensor network is a group of spatially spread sensors which are deployed to monitor
market for UAV operations. The use of commercial drones in the agriculture and framing industry is highly related to the concept of precision agriculture or satellite farming. This is a new management concept emerged in the United States in the 80’s decade. The National Research Council of the USA defines: “Precision agriculture is a management strategy that uses information technologies to bring data from multiple sources to bear on decision associated with crop production”. According to Srinivasan
Biomedical Sensors- Advancing Medical and Biotechnology Introduction to Sensors Sensors are regarded as small, tiny and intelligent devices that are used to measure physical variable like Temperature, Humidity, Gas, Velocity, Flow Rate, pressure and many others. According to American National Standards Institute, “A Sensor is defined as device which provides a usable output in response to a specified measure.” A Sensor acquires a physical quantity and converts it into a signal suitable for processing
A Comparison of the Laboratory and Industrial Processes When going through the process of fermentation in a laboratory they use certain methods to achieve their goals and some of the methods that they use are completely different from the ones that are used in the industry of fermentation. A fermenter is a container that maintains optimum conditions needed to grow a particular organism I will be using different criteria’s to compare the laboratory and industrial process of fermentation
2. REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE 2.1. Background of Pneumatics The word “pneuma” comes from Greek and means wind. The word pneumatics is the study of air movement and its phenomena is derived from the word pneuma (S.SATHIYARAJ, V.SELVAKUMAR, 2015). Today pneumatic system is mainly implicit the application of air as a working medium in industry which especially driving and controlling of machines and equipment. Pneumatic systems is powered by compressed air or compressed inert gases which must
the AI techniques can be used in power stations to increase the supply of power and everything. Power Stations have tremendous growth this can be increased more by using some AI Techniques. We even have some faults in the power stations as we make use of transformers, generators and Transmission lines. Power station is defined as the it is one of the industrial facility used to generate the power. In this they burn the fuels like coal, oil to generate the power and electricity. We have different