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The article by Miller, Schweingruber, & Brandenburg (2001) examines the use of computers by middle school students within the context of gender differences. The authors establish through a literature review that in the past there has been an actual or perceived gender divide in computer prowess. While the nature of the survey questions in the study seem to establish that they seek to examine whether this gender gap still exists, no clear research question with defined parameters is stated and the focus of their conclusions and scope of their discussion seems to me to be outside their research context. Miller et al. conducted survey based research examining several areas: student self-perception of their computer ability and how they acquired that ability, student access to computers, and the purposes for which students use computers. These questions were examined with gender being the independent variable. The authors were especially mindful of the socio-economic factors that may influence access to computers and attempted to mitigate this by employing a stratified cluster sampling technique for participant selection although they do not clearly specify how clustered the participants were (several schools in a district were represented but it is unknown if whole classes from each school were sampled). The authors utilize participation levels in a free/reduced lunch program at the school in order to determine the socio-economic status (SES) of the school; it is not clear if this is accepted practice in US research however, in my own experience, SES data may be skewed if schools are on the border between two economic areas as wealthier students may be inclined to participate in an existing meal program on a convenience basis. T... ... middle of paper ... ...Simard, 2009). The authors have provided some interesting data and, at least among the students in their study, have shown that boys and girls are now using computers at a similar level and have a similar self-perception of computer ability. The value of the study however, lies in the research proffered, not in the conclusion they have drawn. Works Cited Miller, L. M., Schweingruber, H., & Bradenburg, C. L. (2001). Middle school students' technology practices and preferences: Re-examining gender differences. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 10(2), 125-140. Molluzzo, J. & Dwyer, C. (2009). Gender and technology careers: The gap continues. Retrieved from http://www.isedj.org/7/21/ISEDJ.7%2821%29.Molluzzo.pdf Klawe, M., Whitney, T. & Simard, C. (2009). Women in computing---take 2 Retrieved from http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1461947
The second essay, written by Kathy Camper also discusses diversity in our society. It is from the point of view of a person who was not given an opportunity to attend college. This essay is written about the future where almost everything involves computers. Persons that were not given the same means for a better education fall behind and c...
The gender diversity is a serious problem in most STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) industry. In our company, iNova, there is a serious lack of gender diversity that we only have 24 percent female in the workplace.
Andrew Zucker examines computer use in the United States in both elementary and secondary education. It addresses issues such as teacher training, technology availability at home and in schools, and current technology projects that were ongoing at this time. The article ends by discussing computer usage in schools in a larger context, which provides a different perspective on educational technology.
Our world is changing gradually bringing these changes into people’s daily life styles; consequently, a person’s potential to embrace these challenges and revolutionize with them has become an important factor to analyze people’s way to prepare themselves for the future. According to Gilbert Valdez, educational technology, especially computers and computer-related peripherals, have grown tremendously and have permeated all areas of our lives. It is incomprehensible that anyone today would argue that banks, hospitals, or any industry should use less technology. Most young people cannot understand arguments that schools should limit technology use. For them, use of the Internet, for example, plays a major role in their relationships with their friends, their families, and their schools. Teens and their parents generally think that use of the Internet enhances the social life and academic work of teenagers. Nonetheless, not all people has the possibility of changing towards a technological society due to the lack of personal progress through technology, and the misunderstanding of this tool is leading future professionals to become technologically dependant; in other words to rely only on technology without considering the possible consequences that it might have on future professionals development and their educational background. The overuse of educational technology has been growing over the recent years due to the emergent technological developments around the world; however, it can be solved by searching for a new balance between the uses of technology within education.
“Digital and computer skills have become essential for nearly 80 percent of middle-skill jobs” (Soergel). With an increasingly technological society, the question of when young kids should be exposed to technology has been raised. Kids in wealthier societies have begun to explore technology at an extremely young age. Schools offer technological solutions to provide alternative learning pathways that keep kids interested in learning. These technologies have caused many different opinions from parents and students. Some people think that they cause distraction and schools should stick to paper and pencil, while others believe that they are needed in such a tech savvy world. The technology gives a surplus of freedom to students, but also places
As the world advances in technology, there are many benefits and disadvantages. In the school systems, students profit from having use of more technology. Then there are schools that have this technology and schools that don’t. There are classes that have it and classes that don’t. There are students in the same class that have access to various forms of technology and others that don’t have that luxury. There is not a definition of students at risk, but rather common characteristics: (a) children/youths from families living in poverty, (b) children/youths with different backgrounds (e.g., experiences, education, and origins), (c) children/youths of color, and (c) children/youths from limited English-speaking families (Davis & McCaul, 1990). Low achievement, poor attendance, low economic status, and attendance at schools with large numbers of students living in poverty contribute to the likelihood of not earning a high school diploma. But students at risk are also characterized as students who are likely to leave school without the necessary skills to succeed academically, socially, or vocationally in today's society. These students become victims in the sense that the likelihood of reaching their full potential is diminished. The digital divide is a problem that these students at risk face. It is a divide among household computer and internet access by race/ ethnicity, income, education, location, and disability. The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the inequities that exist with respect to children's educational technological opportunities (Means, 1997).
...about the different ways in which young children experience computers in the classroom setting. It included a study done of kindergarteners from about 22,000 different public and private schools and examined they availability of computers to these children.
This newspaper article talks about how schools today are neglecting computers and what happens to children when they are not exposed to computers and technology.
Kathleen Buse, Diana Bilimoria, Sheri Perelli, "Why they Stay: Women Persisting in US engineering careers". Career Development International, 18 (2013): 2. Print.
Subrahmanyam, K. (2000). The Impact of Home Computer Use on Children’s Activities and Development: The Future of Children and Computer Technology, 10(2), 123-143. Retrieved from http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/Web/People/kraut/RKraut.site.files/articles/subrahmanyam00-Compute%26kids.pdf
Not many people would argue that computer technology is bad for the K-12 classroom. There is, however, a serious and thought-provoking debate going on regarding computer technology in the classroom. At issue is to what extent and at what age should computers be integrated in American classrooms. There is no question that a certain level of technology will bring improvements in academic achievement. In one study on children of low socioeconomic status a definite improvement was seen. It was noted that, “Increasing the technology available to students encourages, facilitates, and supports student achievement – at the elementary level, the most profound effects were found in the area of mathematics” (Page 391). Page also states that, “numerous studies have demonstrated that young children’s self-esteem or self-concept directly affects their academic performance” (Page 391).
Drenoyianni, Helen, and Ian D. Selwood. "Conception or Misconceptions? Primary Teachers' Perceptions and Use of Computers in the Classroom." Education and Information Technologies 3.2 (1998): 87-99. Web. 15 Feb. 2014.
Almost every child between the ages of eight and twelve are getting cell phones. The average home in America has as many televisions as they do people. Only 20% of American homes do not have a computer. Technology is quickly becoming a new way of life. The amount of time people are on their devices is growing rapidly. According to The Huffington Post, people are on their devices for on average about eleven hours and fifty-two minutes a day. That is almost half a day and a lot longer than most people sleep or work. People have not realized yet how they or their families are being affected by this constant use of technology. As a result of technology increasing, children are experiencing health problems, school issues, and social problems.
With technology rapidly changing as fast as we blink our eyes, it is important for people to learn as much as possible about the computer world if they want to maintain a decent lifestyle because the world we live in revolving around those technologies. As McKee points out, “most jobs now require intelligence and technical skill” (1). Each year, there is something either added or modified to computers, which forces people to learn computer literacy at a steady pace. While some love computers, others despise them. When comparing people’s attitudes towards computers, statistics show a gender gap that proves most females’ attitudes are drastically different from the attitudes of males. Several studies prove that women not only lack an interest in technology, but they also chose not to enroll in computer classes. Since computers and technology play an enormous role in the world today, more technology professionals are needed. It is extremely important for more women to become knowledgeable in these areas. Swain and Harvey argue, “This technology gender gap is affecting half our population and causing it to be unprepared to contribute to the demands of a high-tech twenty-first century” (17). While this may not seem like a serious issue to some, it is an issue that will ultimately lead to a bigger problem if not handled immediately. So why are there so few women in the technology field? To answer that question, I must first find out why are there so few women in the technology and computer classes, considering that this atmosphere is the most common place where the interest for computers is born.
Technology is present in every part of our daily lives whether it's related to personal, business, or educational endeavors. Most people agree that there is a need for the younger generation to understand how computers work for them. However, there is still a slight disconnect as to what computer skills are needed to be enforced on middle school/high school students and what they need to master to ensure survival once they leave high school.