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essay on classical realism in international relations
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essay on classical realism in international relations
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Located on the Pacific Coastline, El Salvador is the smallest country in Central America, and the most populated. The United States of America foreign policy on El Salvador is best explained by President Obama’s approach on Latin America where the United States is focused on economic growth and equality, energy and climate control, and regional and citizen security (Foreign Policy, 2012). This is best explained using the international level of analysis and neo-liberalism where the global structure and economic interdependence provides the foundation of America’s foreign policy. To ensure that one can see the transparency in United States methodology I will provide the history of El Salvador, the creation of United States interest in El Salvador and lastly the current agreements and the results it offers to both nations.
Prior to indulging into the important aspects of the paper I am going to define some of the essential terms to ensure the order in which I instruct this essay will make sense as well as the political terms that I will provide. First, “neo-liberalism” proponents advocate the worldwide development of democracy, open markets, and free trade (Papp, 2005). Second, the level of analysis which I will be using the “ international level” which I will refer to the nation [as a whole], international governmental organization such as the United Nations, Nongovernmental organizations such as doctors without borders and the global community [allies or not] (Papp, 2005). Later, I will provide my counter argument where I will use the classical realism and domestic level of analysis to support my rebuttal. Classical realism refers to the school of thought that argues that a “nations external relations should rest on a foundation ...
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Foreign Policy. (2012). Retrieved April 21, 2012, from The White House: http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/foreign-policy
Understanding the WTO: Membership & Observers. (2012). Retrieved April 2012, from World Trade Organizations: http://www.wto.org/
Benavides, M. (2008). El Salvador in the Age of Globalization. CANADIAN WOMAN STUDIES/LES CAHIERS DE LA FEMME.
Filosophia. (n.d.). Retrieved April 2012, from Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de El Salvador: http://www.rree.gob.sv/index.php?/marco-institucional/filosofia.php
Hobby, E. T. (2007). Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. Detroit: Gale, Cengage Learning.
Papp, D. S. (2005). American Foreign Policy. Pearson Education, Inc.
Stanley, W. D. (2006). El Salvador: state-building before. Third World Quaterly.
Wolf, S. (2009). Subverting Democracy : Elite Rule and. Cambridge Press.
Once aligned with this organization Maria’s eyes are opened to the bigger picture of political oppression in her country. She, along with many other women of El Salvador, watch as hundreds of their men are unjustly jailed, tortured and disappeared. She was also a witness to the inhuman...
The Guatemalan Civil War was a 20th century civil war that raged from 1954 until 1996. It has profoundly affected geopolitical relationships in Central America, as well as and US policy toward hostile governments. The war shaped geopolitics in that region and impacted not just Guatemala but the countries vested in the so-called Cold War as a whole. There is disagreement among historians, however, concerning how much US influence guided the outcome of the conflict. Through extensive research, it is clear that the United States of America’s impact on the war was both highly significant and highly detrimental to the US’s geopolitical interests. By studying the evidence, we can establish that the US acted in contrast with its own stated ideals, acting as an indispensible partner in the crimes of the Guatemalan Civil War.
The date September 11th is not only a date of terror for the United States, but for the country Chile it also marks the anniversary of a new error of fear. On September 11th, 1973 General Augusto Pinochet overthrew President Salvador Allende, a democratically elected socialist. For seventeen years after this Pinochet dictated over Chile and caused for the murder of over three thousand Chileans, the disappearance of over a thousand, and the torture and jailing of tens of thousands more. What might be even more shocking though, is that the United States had a direct contribution to this brutal dictators rise. The United States’ fear of communist nations developing and the ignorance of secretary of state Kissinger to mention the human rights abuses that Pinochet was responsible for, allowed for the United States to assist in the brutal tyranny (Kornbluh 2003, pages 19-22).
Although this job isn’t exclusive to women it includes a few men, the men who mostly work as a viajeras do not suffer from lower pay and the stigma people get when speaking of a traveling woman. These women are reforming roles in El Salvador since most of the traits associated with that type of work are “constant travel away from the home, financial and personal risks, physical stress…linked to traditionally male occupations in El Salvador” (Garni 166). These women have been able to move forward due to global citizens since viajeras travel and carry ideas from the United States to El Salvador by
War and violence in Central America is a result of governmental injustice due to the United States’ foreign policies. The United States supported El Salvador with weapons and money throughout the civil war. As a result of enforcing these policies, El Salvador’s poverty, population and crime rate increased. The books “…After…” by Carolina Rivera Escamilla and “The Tattooed Soldier” by Hector Tobar give us a glimpse of the issues Central Americans faced.
During 1979-1992 El Salvador was engaged in a civil war, with the government fighting the rural indigenous citizens. Violence and gang culture were taking over the country and creating a cycle that can’t be easily broken. El Salvador’s citizens were searching for new power, opportunities, and a way out of poverty.
China Enters The World Trade Organisation China has swiftly turned into a world organizer in trade and will merely develop in significance to the global economy. These particulars are established with China's up to date economic statistics raising more than 9% per year and economists' projections of the nation's upcoming China will double its gross domestic product of the year 2000 in the year 2010. The way the Chinese government attained these remarkable economic statistics are during a restoration of Chinese trade strategies. Alteration measures in the country series from concentrated trade barriers along with technical contracts intended for agriculture, to infrastructure investment strategies and enhanced values for pharmaceutical products. On the other hand, stemming from China's economic development are dilemmas for instance inflation as well as irregular progress of the country. Moreover, after fifteen years of conferences and negotiations, on November 10, 2001 at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar, WTO members officially permitted the consent package for the People's Republic of China. China became a full member, the WTO's 143rd, on December 11, 2001. “International economic cooperation has brought about this defining moment in the history of the multilateral trading system,” said Mike Moore, WTO Director-General, at the conclusion of the meeting of the Working Party on China's Accession. “With China's membership, the WTO will take a major step towards becoming a truly world organization. The near-universal acceptance of its rules-based system will serve a pivotal role in underpinning global economic cooperation.” http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres01_e/pr243_e.htm To enhan...
Mignolo, W. D. (2005). The Idea of Latin America (pp. 1-94). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
“ Of peace and in supreme happiness, El Salvador always nobly dreamed of...to keep...her greatest glory.” Such phrases from El Salvador’s national anthem promising rapture only demonstrates the hypocrisy of a country where, according to the 2007-2008 Human Development Report on this Central American country, 81% of the Salvadoran population earned low wages. Compounding this, Salvadorans lived surrounded by grotesque violence. Source A, FRED’s graph on Real GDP at Constant National Prices for El Salvador, reflect that in 2005, the GDP was $41,000 million and had risen to $45,000 million in 2008. However, between 2008 and 2009 the nation suffered a rough recession with GDP for 2009 falling to $44 million. This downturn was due to governmental
El Salvador (The republic of The Savior) is known to be the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America. San Salvador has been announced as the Capital City. It is considered to an important cultural and commercial center for the whole Central America. It borders with Guatemala, Honduras, The Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Fonseca. It’s the only country in this region not on the Caribbean Sea.
Within this strong respect for the norm of sovereignty, a security dilemma starts to emerge in the region. International recognition is vital for these countries, for it is within this construct that sovereignty is built upon—it gives individual countries a sense of independence. Since the region does share an Ibero/Luso patrimony of colonialism, their territorial disputes have not been immune to conflict. In essence, Latin American behavior is indifferent to how the rest of the international community behaves with each other. Drawing from Kenneth Waltz’ neorealism theory where he establishes the belief in a self-help system of international politics, states must rely on their own resources and capabilities defend itself from external forces. From this realist perspective we start to see a foundation to the region’s for...
Violence and unrest began to escalate throughout El Salvador during the early seventies, as the 1972 presidential election witnessed the democratically elected Jose Napoleon Duarte replacement by the military and oligarchy backed Arturo Armando Molina (Anderson 2011). This trend of democratic repression and lack of transparency served to uphold the state’s legacy of economic, social, and political inequality which, Anderson notes, “erupted into revolutionary flames” (2011). The 1970s can be seen as the kindling of this fire, as political organizing centered around liberation theology and unionization became factors in the spark that set El Salvador ablaze, with women and men alike, serving as agentive incendiaries.
In International Relations it is commonly accepted that there is a wide range of different theoretical approaches which attempt to provide an explanation for the different dynamics of the global political system. Realism and Liberalism are well known theories which are considered to be two of the most important theories in international relations. They are two contrasting ideas when it comes to explaining how two states relate to each other in the absence of a world government. Both theories agree that the world is in anarchy and therefore it is helpful to start with a definition of anarchy and what it implies. This essay aims to discuss the contrasts between Liberalism and Realism as well as how these two theories agree that the world is anarchy.
The liberalism and the realism approaches the international relations from very different perspective, and even though many of its views contrast from each other, the ...
From the realist point of view, the international political system is considered as anarchic. There is a lack of external authority among states that ensures peace, stability and balance of power. In the analyzed document, the author's main thesis states that changes of the system would alter the international political system. However, changes within the system will maintain its anarchism. In order to support his thesis, the author replies to liberal critics, who consider the neorealism as obsolete taking into account three important arguments against the neorealism.