A. A metropolitan region is a region consisting of one or more central cities and their surrounding suburbs. Metropolitan areas determine the changes in the structure and the dynamics of a particular region. For example, North East Ohio consists of Cleveland, Akron and Youngstown and their surrounding suburbs.
According to the Charter, a metropolitan area is a “fundamental economic unit of the contemporary world” (1). Metropolitan regions defines the world geographic characteristics but their boundaries are subjected to change. Therefore metropolitan regions are patterns made by government policy, powerful policy actors and natural life as urban life is organized into “multiple centers that are cities, towns, and villages” (1).
Urban Sociology focus on the metropolitan region
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Different type of cities are created because of individual choices, private policy actors and government policies because of sprawl and metropolitan polarization. The Cleveland Region map shows the difference in community classifications terms. The Cleveland Region map help develop ways to understand tax base sharing.
Cities together lacks the social and strains moving from the core. Regions develop communities based off “income, race and fascial conditions” (Ameregis 3). One community has problems, including weak tax bases, poverty and lack of resources. Another community fully developed may have a low poverty rate, weak tax bases and suffering from social needs. Only a select percentage according to the Revenue Study have strong tax bases, expensive housing and great investment development.
The Cleveland Region map shows how two out of six living in a suburb that is a stressed or at risk because of polarization and sprawl. The map shows six types of communities where most of them are not doing well except two. The fact is a metropolitan region as a whole, relating to the different communities within the region are faces consequences because of the patterns in ways the region is
“Could suburbs prosper independently of central cities? Probably. But would they prosper even more if they were a part of a better-integrated metropolis? The answer is almost certainly yes.” (p. 66)
... motivation for wealthy individuals to return to the inner-city core but it also provides impetus for commercial and retail mixed-use to follow, increasing local revenue for cities (Duany, 2001). Proponents of gentrification profess that this increase in municipal revenue from sales and property taxes allows for the funding of city improvements, in the form of job opportunities, improved schools and parks, retail markets and increased sense of security and safety ((Davidson (2009), Ellen & O’Reagan (2007), Formoso et. al (2010)). Due to the increase in housing and private rental prices and the general decrease of the affordable housing stock in gentrifying areas, financially-precarious communities such as the elderly, female-headed households, and blue-collar workers can no longer afford to live in newly developed spaces ((Schill & Nathan (1983), Atkinson, (2000)).
Mystique Caston Ms. Jefferson English 22 february 2016 Gentrification and Chicago Gentrification and chicago “Gentrification refers to trends in the neighborhood development that tend to attract more affluent residents, and in the instances concentrates scale commercial investment. ”(Bennet,).This means that gentrification can change how a neighborhood is ran or even how much income the community takes in depending on what businesses come in and what class of people decide to invest into that community. In this paper i will be discussing gentrification and and poverty, pros and cons of gentrification, relationships due to gentrification, conflict due to gentrification, reactions/ feelings or of small business owners about
2. Sector Model - This model was created by Homer Hoyt in 1939 and it suggested that the social zones within a city expand outwards in sectors that follow transportation links (Liu, 2009). The study was based on Chicago, Hoyt could see that higher class housing was built favouring the sought-after Lake Michigan shoreline. This led him to develop the sector theory. The CBD is the centre of the model with the Zone of Transition in a similar location to Burgess's model in Zone B. The lower and middle class residential houses form a circle around Zone B and the CBD, and extend to the outskirts of the urban area. The lower class houses are found near the industrial zones and the middle cl...
Toledo has changed one hundred folds in the last fifty years. Although Toledo still constitutes the majority of Lucas County and is still Ohio's fourth largest city, it's dominance has plummeted just as many cites that lye in the Rust Belt on the national level. Since most everything besides the city government has left the downtown area, it fits perfectly in to the move to outskirts of town to settle down. There has been no push towards gentrification in Toledo, since one the downtown has no jobs to offer, and two the inner city neighborhoods are just not suited for the gentrification process. So Toledo is just another one of the dying breed of cities in which downtown manufacturing had died and service upper-class suburbia has taken the drivers seat in the expansion of the city.
This investigation is based on the assumption that gentrification with all its troubles can’t be prevented and is an inherent part of every city. What are the negative impacts of gentrification? What are the underlying mechanisms that feed these impacts? What drives these mechanisms? What would be an alternative scenario?
A metropolitan area and a megaregion both arch over many people and communities, but they are two very different entities. A Metropolitan area as defined by the federal government is an area that reaches across urban communities and a city, which also has 50,000 people or more living there. A Megaregion in contrast is an area that arches over multiple cities, urban communities, counties, and sometimes even states. A megaregion is essentially multiple metropolitan areas all bunched together. The difference between these two types of areas can be seen when examine the governments in each. In a Metropolitan areas coordinating policies ion things like transportation can be difficult because of the many layers of government in the region. A Megaregion experiences those same issues on an exponentially larger scale. Sometimes hundreds or thousands of jurisdictions overlap creating conflict and little to no organization and coordination. The mere difference in overlaps of governments makes a significant difference between a metropolitan area and a
In contrast to the negatives of gentrification, some people view gentrification as a the only effective way to “revitalize” low-income urban communities. In the article, “Gentrification: A Positive Good For Communities” Turman situates the piece around the opinion that gentrification is not as awful as the negative connotation surrounding it. Furthermore, he attempts to dispel the negative aspects of gentrification by pointing out how some of them are nonexistent. To accomplish this, Turman exemplifies how gentrification could positively impact neighborhoods like Third Ward (a ‘dangerous’ neighborhood in Houston, Texas).Throughout the article, Turman provides copious examples of how gentrification can positively change urban communities, expressing that “gentrification can produce desirable effects upon a community such as a reduced crime rate, investment in the infrastructure of an area and increased economic activity in neighborhoods which gentrify”. Furthermore, he opportunistically uses the Third Ward as an example, which he describes as “the 15th most dangerous neighborhood in the country” and “synonymous with crime”, as an example of an area that could “need the change that gentrification provides”. Consequently, he argues with
Inner City Communities are often areas which are both densely populated and deteriorating(quote). The areas and its residents have strongly been correlated with social and economical disparity. Residents of inner city communities have been plagued with problems including: “high unemployment, poor health care, inadequate educational opportunities, dilapidated housing, high infant mortality, and extreme poverty” (Attitudes and Perceptions, n.d). Though the inner city communities have been stricken with
In the documentary, “Cleveland: Confronting Decline in an American City” the short movie analyses the great risk confronting Cleveland as a city as result of deterioration and dilapidation of the urban core. The documentary discusses factors that are responsible for this problem and possible solutions; as this has become a phenomenon, not just in Cleveland but other major US cities. The issue of the urban decline in most cities cuts across people, commerce, and the economy in general. However, the questions of how most cities arrived at their current predicament, consequences of abandoning these concerns, and what can be done to reverse the bad situation, remain unanswered.
Gentrification has been blamed for the displacement of poor communities. However, in a city gentrification has other important characteristics. First, it impacts the demographic of an area in the sense that there is an increase in middle-class income population. Additionally, Randy Shaw notes in his article that demographic shift includes reduction in households’ sizes as well as decline in minorities (Shaw). Most of gentrified areas appear to have whites replacing blacks and other minority
The metropolitan region consists of six districts. Additional jurisdictions are two more districts, seven counties and three county-level cities.
Again, this section will give a working definition of the “urban question’. To fully compare the political economy and ecological perspectives a description of the “urban question” allows the reader to better understand the divergent schools of thought. For Social Science scholars, from a variety of disciplines, the “urban question” asks how space and the urban or city are related (The City Reader, 2009). The perspective that guides the ecological and the social spatial-dialect schools of thought asks the “urban question” in separate distinct terminology. Respected scholars from the ecological mode of thinking, like Burgess, Wirth and others view society and space from the rationale that geographical scope determines society (The City Reader, 2009). The “urban question” that results from the ecological paradigm sees the relationship between the city (space) as influencing the behaviors of individuals or society in the city. On the other hand...
Chaffey, J. (1994). The challenge of urbanisation. In M. Naish & S. Warn (Eds.), Core geography (pp. 138-146). London: Longman.
Susan S. Fainstein, Scott Campbell. 2003. Readings in Urban Theory. Second Edition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.