In order to understand what form of warfare the National Liberation Front (NLF) Adopted, the type of insurgency they were, and the strategy that was used, one must understand what their ultimate goal was. Also one should understand what their reasoning for fighting in the first place was.
First of all, one of the main causes was the Arabs physical living space. The Europeans and Arabs are separated into two locations. The Arabs felt like they were being cornered in, they were forced to live to in an older more run down area, while the Europeans were living in a more modernized part of the city with all of the amenities. The second cause one could argue is the occupational status. The Arabs worked under the Europeans, and mainly in labor intensive jobs. To put it simply the Europeans had a strong control over civil and public affairs, with a well developed middle class. The third reason one could say is that, the Arabs felt like their intelligence was being attacked. The Europeans had condescending and arrogant attitudes towards them. The French would try to discourage the Arab people from rising up, by claiming that they had given them “Civilization and Prosperity” (Roi Word). Some of the French even referred to the Algerians as “Dirty Arabs and rats” (Roi Word). The French use dehumanizing tactics to deter the Arabs from rising up. The intensity to which the French go can be found throughout their standard of living. To put it simply the indigenous population did not have equal access to resources.
All of these causes escalate in to a destructive conflict between the NLF and the Europeans. So the ultimate cause is that the Arabs felt they were entitled to more. They wanted freedom and independence from the Europeans. When th...
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...rorism warfare. How can I justify this, well terrorism is defined as the threat or use of physical coercion, primarily against noncombatants, especially civilians, to create fear in order to achieve various political objectives. So based off this definition and the actions taken by the NLF attacking civilians or noncombatants to evoke a sense of fear in the French, I can definitively state that terrorism is one form of warfare. So how can I justify Guerilla tactics as one of their forms, well to simply put it they also targeted armed forces and police using hit and run tactics.
Finally the type of strategy they used could be argued to be Protracted Popular Warfare Strategy particularly under Selective terrorism and a Strategic stalemate. Strategic stalemate deals with Guerrilla warfare and Selective terrorism deals with gaining both popular and external support.
Imperialism, Colonialism, and war had a huge impact on the Middle East, and it can also be thought of as the source of conflict. According to the map in Document A, it shows that the size of the Ottoman Empire grew smaller after the first world war, along with this change came new boundaries. These borders were created by the victorious European countries that won World War I, and made different ethnic and religious groups separated and grouped together with others. Great Britain's took over Palestine mandate and developed the Balfour Declaration that promised Jews support in making a home in Palestine. Most of the Palestine land was populated with Arabs.
Algerian education was started by the French, since they were allowed to study in France. Education advanced Algerian jobs, markets, trade, and life in general. This boosted the life of Algerians; although, there were negatives, like: famine, disease, poverty. Even though the education boosted trade, and jobs, and market the people who were receiving that money were the French. Algerians did not receive that money, so they became poor, and because of the poverty not a lot of people could afford food which led to famine. Disease quickly arrived after famine, causing death, which took out roughly one third of the Algerian population. Imperialization impacted Algerians government, culture, and even population. Although Algeria did suffer greatly because of the french, they also had some positive effects. Either way, imperialization had many positive and negative effects on Algeria, that shaped it to be what it is today (DiPiazza
It had seemed that ambiguity was arise in the forming nation, and was still establishing a central ideal for political issues to which it had no precedent. Would the strategy be to declare to the public a message of brutal warfare against a savage nation? Or the protection of the United States and its freedoms by a self-defensive action of declaring war against its former ally? Both would be approached vigorously by Ames to attempt to inform the public and gather a central and nationalized view in order to succeed against these heinous a...
The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) was established in 1992 in England and originally developed from members of Earth First! that did not want to give up the criminal acts as a method (Earth Liberation Front). Earth First! as an organization did not want to engage in violent attacks, but rather make change through protests and civil disobedience. ELF moved to North America in the mid-1990s. The group primarily operates in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States (Earth Liberation Front).
In order to have any chance at winning any kind of war you need some kind of strategy.
Clearly, the UN definition being more general as any act of terror, it is found that revolutionary groups adopt the use of categorical terrorism because it is commonly cheaper than selective terrorism. Further, Goodwin argues that categorical terrorism is employed for the purpose of attacking and threatening what he calls “complicitous civilians.” Complicitous civilians are defined as (1) civilians who often benefit from state actions that the revolutionaries oppose, (2) those that support the state, (3) or civilians who have the ability to influence the state. The primary directive of categorical terrorism is to provoke complicitous civilians from further supporting the state. By applying intense...
In the southern backcountry during the American Revolution, there was a different style of warfare present. The British forces excelled in traditional war tactics, such as bayonet combat. The Battles in the New England region were more traditional but, the continental forces struggled to successful come out of a battle. The commanders in the southern backcountry realized they would never win the war if they continued to fight traditionally against the British forces. So several of the commanders took to a guerilla style of fighting when the war turned to the south. With the guerilla style of fighting they realized with the rough terrain of the southern Backcountry that traditional warfare would be ineffective and foolish for most instants.
This marked the beginning of the Palestine armed conflict, one of its kinds to be witnessed in centuries since the fall of the Ottoman Empire and World War 1. Characterized by a chronology of endless confrontations, this conflict has since affected not only the Middle East relations, but also the gl...
The beginning of colonization also marks the beginning of decolonization. From the day the colonists start exploiting the colonized people and belittling the colonized people for the colonists' self-aggrandizement, the colonized ones have been prepared to use violence at any moment to end the colonists' exploitation (Fanon, 3).Decolonization is violent, there is a necessity for violence. This is a point that is repeated again and again throughout The Battle of Algiers and The Wretched of the Earth. Here, the focus will be on The Battle of Algiers to discuss the violence of
The 1950s was not a particularly good decade for France. The Fourth Republic, which had been established in the aftermath of the Second World War, remained unstable and lurched from crisis to crisis. Between 1946 and 1954, there had been a war in French Indo-China, between a nationalist force under Ho Chi Minh and the French. The war was long and bitter and towards the end, the French suffered the ignominy of losing the major fortress of Dien Bien Phu to the guerrillas on 7 May 1954. An armistice was sought with Ho Chi Minh, and the nations of North and South Vietnam emerged from the ashes of the colony. It is entirely likely that the success of the guerrillas influenced the Algerian insurrectionists, the National Liberation Front(FLN), in tactics and in the idea that the time was ripe to strike. It is clear that the FLN employed similar methods to those developed by the nationalists under Ho Chi Minh.1
“One Arab nation from Gulf to the Ocean,” gives meaning to the term “Pan-Arabism” in the Middle East. A notion where Arab nations transcend their state boundaries to form political mergers with other states and achieve an ‘Arab unity.’ The existence of Arab states had been tumultuous throughout the decline of the Muslim order, the end of the Ottoman Empire, the Palestinian defeat, Six Day War and Arab-Israeli war in 1973. This essay will critically examine Foud Ajami’s case for a raison d’état in the Middle East and his claim that there were six broad trends leading to the alteration of the balance of power away from Pan-Arabism and towards the state. It will be argued that Pan-Arabism was a romantic ideology that Arab states found convenient to support, all in advancement of their nationalistic state agendas. It was never a realistic endeavor that was physically undertaken by the Arab states and was thus never alive in a tangible sense. However, Pan-Arabism as an ideology had a place in the Middle East and was thus alive in an ideological sense.
The relationship between conventional and guerilla operations was a key element of the Vietnamese communists’ “Dau Tranh” strategy to fight and win the Vietnam War. A brief description of the Dua Tranh (meaning struggle) strategy is appropriate since it was the basis for North Vietnam’s success. The strategy consisted of an armed struggle and a political struggle. The armed struggle began with Stage One hit and run guerilla tactics to “decimate the enemy piecemeal and weaken then eliminate the government’s administrative control of the countryside...
The world’s history is majorly shaped by mega wars that happen both inside and outside the boundaries of individual nations. Almost every sovereign state in the world had to forcefully liberate itself from its colonizers and oppressors mainly through warfare. For instance, America had to fight a long and exhausting revolutionary war against the British before it could attain its independence in 1783, likewise is the fate of many other nations. It is important to understand the two distinct types of wars that exist and their implications. Guerrilla warfare and the conventional military warfare are two types of war that are very different in their execution and military approach. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the similarities and differences existing between the American war in Vietnam and the American Revolution (Vetter, 1997).
Insurgency is defined as a rebellion against an indigenous government or a foreign occupier. In an asymmetric war there are two sides a strong and a weak side which have two strategies each. The French, who were the “stronger” side used “direct attack” which aimed at destroying the weak actor’s (Algeria) armed forces and thereby their capacity to offer violent resistance. During the seco...
Thinking historically while conducting counterinsurgency in the 21st century poses questions regarding how to develop political and strategic plans. This bibliographic essay will examine the political and military aspect of fighting counterinsurgent warfare by 20th century theorists Galula’s, “Counterinsurgency Warfare Theory and Practice” and Trinquier’s, “Counterinsurgency Warfare Theory and Practice”. Strategy in fighting guerilla wars will be discussed by comparing conflicts in battles and ideologies from the past to current day. Moreover, ways to avoid the one size fits all war mentality when combating modern day insurgents will be recommended.