Introduction
“Skin cancers are the most prevalent form of cancer in the Unites States An estimated 11,790 people die of skin cancer each year, 8700 from malignant melanoma” (Huether, McCance, 2012, p. 1058). Since melanoma is the most prevalent form of cancer, it is important to understand what causes it, what it does, who is at a higher risk, and possible treatment routes.
Pathophysiology
The etiology of malignant melanoma is multifactorial. Both genetics and environment play important roles in causing this type of cancer. Genetic influences such as skin, hair and eye color have an impact on being at higher risk for acquiring malignant melanoma. As stated by Hodgetts (2011) Caucasians have the highest incidence for melanoma followed by Hispanics and then Asians and Pacific Islanders. Also, people with fair or red hair, blue eyes, pale skin and freckles have an increased risk of melanoma (p. 31). Moles (nevi) are “benign pigmented lesions formed from melanocytes that can transition to malignant melanoma” (Huether, McCance, 2012, p.1057-1058). The environment also plays a major role in causing this specific cancer. According to Torrens and Swan (2009) ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and occupational exposure to certain substances are major risk factors for melanoma (p. 115-116).
The skin is the first line of defense for your body. It helps to protect you in many ways against the strident environment it is exposed to. Described by Erb, Ji, Kump, Mielgo and Wenil (2008) UV-light damaged DNA is repaired and if this is not possible, the DNA damaged cells are eliminated by apoptosis This occurs under the control of the p53 suppressor gene and Fas-Ligand (FasL) monitors the elimination of the sunburn cells and helps prevent cel...
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...hanges in symmetry, borders, color, diameter and elevation of moles are the first step in detecting cancer in the skin. The sooner malignant melanoma is found, the better your chances are of survival. Early detection is critical to decreasing mortality from metastatic disease.
Works Cited
Erb, P., Ji, J., Kump, E., Mielgo, A., & Wernil M. (2008). Apoptosis and pathogenesis of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Pub Med, 1-1.
Hodgetts, J. (2011). Diagnosis and management of malignant melanoma. Cancer Nursing Practice, 10(7), 30-37.
Huether, S., & McCance, K. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology.
Torrens, R., & Swan, B. (2009). Promoting prevention and early recognition of malignant melanoma. Dermatology Nursing, 21(3), 115-123.
Watkins, J. (2010). Dermatology and the community nurse: actinic (solar) keratosis. British Journal Of Community Nursing, 15(1), 6.
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