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The nature of play
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1. Defining play can be quite difficult in terms of perspective and understanding the intricacy of human behaviour. There are eight characteristics that distinguish play from other types of human behaviour, thus assisting in defining play. Autumn shows many signs of acting out these characteristics, mostly suspension of reality. Suspension of reality allows Autumn to step outside of her reality and accept an imaginary self for the purpose of make believe (Levy, 1978). This characteristic is the most prominent in her play. For example, Autumn often enjoys “playing pretend” with all of her toys. With her dolls she often plays the role of the mother or teacher. When she is playing with her younger sister she plays many roles in their imaginary world, she especially enjoys becoming a chef in her “restaurant”.
Autumn also shows intrinsic motivation, which is the driving force to engage in play behaviour and activity (Helene S., 2013). Basically, there is no real reason for the behaviour, it is just done for pleasure. An example of this in Autumn’s play
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Process over product highlights that the goal of play is the activity itself and the end result is not as important to the player (Johnson et al., 1987). An example of this characteristic in Autumn’s play would be her tablet. Autumn plays many educational games but forgets that they are there to improve her reading and math skills. She forgets that this is something that she has to do and starts to have fun with it, forgetting that it’s actually work. Autumn has improved her reading and math skills greatly since she has started playing more educational games.
For Autumn her play is very active, active behaviours may include exploration, experimentation, manipulation, make believe, and interaction with the environment (Helene S., 2013). When playing with her toys or her little sister, Autumn always plays an active
"I believe quite strongly that there is great value in play. Play is learning lessons that often can't be learned anyplace else.’’1 An unknown middle schooler. Dr. Barros decided to conduct the study after observing a young patient's classroom--to see how antsy the student and his peers were by lunchtime.”They were given no work breaks, save for 15 minutes of quiet snacking at their desks.they were so drowsy”.
Many theorists have tried to define play as a concept, however, no two agree on a set definition. Their backgrounds and induvial lifestyles influence the way they see the importance of play. Reed and Brown also believe that there isn’t an agreed definition of play because is something that is felt rather than done (Reed & Brown, 2000 cited in Brock, Dodd’s, Jarvis & Olusoga, 2009). In spite of this, it is clear that most theorists uphold the ethos that play is imperative to a child’s learning and development. There is a wide range of different studies and theories which helps us develop our own perception of what play is. In my personal experience I have found play to be a way of expressive our emotions, exploring and learning new things, thus
When they decided to end the game they all said that they would want to play again. The play observation illustrated Huizinga’s play detentions in terms of free activity, no material interest, own boundaries, and fixed rules. One person suggested to play hide and seek and the rest decided to join knowing that there is no material reward. The A team added their own rules in order to create their own boundaries. In addition, Eberle’s play framework elements of pleasure and strength were displayed by the game because each player demonstrated enjoyment during the game and they enhanced their strength by running quickly. The game also illustrated Brown’s play properties of play being voluntary, and how it diminishes consciousness of self and a desire to play again. Like stated before, every player decided to play at their own will no one forced them to. Moreover, each player did not care who played or how everyone looked like, no one felt self-conscious. Lastly, when the game ended each player said they would want to play
Due to the fact that, when she was eating the rice sitting on the dining table, but she suddenly got up from the table, started walking towards the living room, grabed her barbie dolls and started feeding them. Moreover, not only she was pretending to drink from the toy cup while playing with the kitchen set, but, also was pretending to talk on the toy phone as she saw her mother talking to someone on her cell phone. These are the example of make-believe play because according to book “Make-believe play increases in sophistication during the preschool years. Children pretend with less realistic toys [such as] in early pretending, toddlers use … toy telephone to talk into or a cup to drink from. Their earliest pretend acts usually imitate adualt 's actions” (Berk, 227). The theory that perfectly relates to these examples is Piaget 's theory because Berk in the book infer that “Make-believe play is … excellent example of the development of representation in early childhood. Piaget believed that through pretending, young children practice and strengthen newly acquired representational schemes” (Berk,
Dr. Alison Gopnik’s drew the following truth that “children are intellectually more skilled and far more sophisticated in their thinking then we ever imagined”(Gopnik2009). Gopnik also stated preschoolers are extremely well designed for learning. They are naturally curious. They learn through exploring and playing. “The value of play” was also presented in Gopnik’s research. He clarified that when children engage in pretend play, they will have imaginary characters and explore other world. They are learning peoples’ nature, how people think, do, and work. This helps them understand themselves and other people, to improve their social traits or in balancing school, and to increase their social competences in life. Gopnik demonstrated the idea
An Article by Dr. Leong and Dr. Bodrova (2016) stated that play is beneficial to children’s learning especially when it reaches a certain degree of complexity. When they engage in play activities most of their early years, they learn to delay gratification and to prioritize their goals and actions. They also learn to consider the perspectives and needs of other people and to represent things significantly to regulate their behavior and actions in a cautious, intentional way.
...Fein, G. G. 1981. Pretend play in childhood: An integrative review. Child development, pp. 1095--1118.
Numerous sources have concluded that it is a necessity for children to have time to play for countless reasons; this includes the development of their mind and bodies. When observing a young child at the age of 4 on November 1st, 2016 I found information that supported why play was essential to children 's development. When conducting this observation I was unable to participate in the children 's classroom activities, but only allowed to watch and listen. During this observation, we were asked to pick one student to observe for this observation. I chose a student whose name was Wyatt, he demonstrated that play is a crucial part of their learning in terms of mood and interactions.
Play is such an important part of the learning and growing, especially for children. Children engage in many different types of play, but the play I saw the most when I observe the children of my daycare is sociodramatic play. The book Understanding Dramatic Play by Judith Kase-Polisini defines sociodramatic play as “both players must tacitly or openly agree to act out the same drama” (Kase-Polisini 40). This shows that children play with each other and make their worlds together as equal creators. Children also work together without argument.
Children have a natural inclination to play, alongside a natural instinct to learn and to be curious and inventive, which are characteristics of the human race in general. This quote taken from Janet Moyles is a good starting point for this essay. It is well known that children love to play. If a child were to be left to his/her own devices they would happily play and create new worlds anywhere they were left. It has been well documented and researched that children learn excellently through play. However they are not always given the opportunity to do so, instead being told to, ‘finish your work and then you can go play’. Obviously this is not always the case, but the fact that it is a common practice shows that we do not all fully appreciate the importance of play to children’s learning. This essay will attempt to show how children learn through play, making reference to current theory and practice. I will also give examples from my own first-hand experience of how children learn and develop as people through play.
In life, no action is absent of a reaction. Every effect is linked to a cause, whether seen or unseen and play is no exception. As adults, play is not a foreign concept to us, we just chose not to engage in it and have diminutive space for it reserved in our day-to-day schedules. However, it is essential in the lives of young children.
In life, no action is absent of a reaction. Every effect is linked to a cause, whether seen or unseen and play is no exception. As adults, play is not a foreign concept to us, we just chose not to engage in it and have diminutive space for it reserved in our day-to-day schedules. However, it is essential in the lives of young children. In the moment, the benefits to play are invisible, yet they are there working. Play, like a Newton’s cradle, remains stationary while not in use and the energy remains in a potential state waiting to be activated. Now, imagine the Newton’s cradle as you are pulling back the first ball. The first ball is play in a child’s life, and the other balls are potential benefits.
George Herbert Mead is a philosopher who coined the theory Genesis of the self. Mead, believes " the self develops through contact with others." Play Stage, as defined by George Ritzer is, "the first stage in the genesis of the self in which a child plays at being someone else." In play a child is acting out that of a role model in their life. Such example may include dressing up as parents, teachers, doctors, construction workers, police officers and so on. In an article called Genesis of the Self and Social Control by George Herbert Mead, it states "the child is acquiring the roles of those who belong to his society." This simply means, the child is imitating the roles of people around him/her in society and is putting themselves in place of those who fulfill this role hoping to imagine, and achieve them. According to the genesis of the self, play stage begins with simple gestures and gradually moves up in difficulty to running away when being chased or using symbols to interact. The different role playing a child goes through is what I am trying to symbolize with these pictures. Children learn, grow, act, and communicate through play. A child learns the way the world operates, by attempting to assume a role of an adult. Such examples may include play with a doll and dress up, which demonstrates a motherly roll. This involves taking care of the "baby, and feeding them, in addition to them looking the part.
There are several negative stereotypes associated with video games and those who play them; some of these may often hold true. However, there are plenty of learning opportunities in video games. While the direct purpose of some games is to educate or train, other games that do not directly have this purpose can still become a learning experience for the player. As Ntiedo Etuk, president of the educational video game company Tabula Digital said, “The traditional view of video games has been that they are distractions from the task of learning” (Electronic Education Report 1). Video games are an effective tool for learning and retaining skills both inside and outside the classroom environment. The basic cycle of game play--the introduction to the game, game play, collaboration, improvement of these between each round, and evaluation at the end of the game (Klievink and Janssen 159)--are nearly parallel to the traditional classroom learning cycle of reading a textbook or listening to a lecture, taking a quiz, studying, focusing on items missed on the quiz, and taking a test or exam. Within this cycle, there are many opportunities to develop and perfect both educational, life, and occupational skills.
Resnick, M. (2006). Computer as Paintbrush : Technology , Play , and the Creative Society An Example : Alexandra ’ s Marble Machine. (D. G. Singer, R. M. Golinkoff, & K. Hirsh-Pasek, Eds.)Play Learning How play motivates and enhances childrens cognitive and socialemotional growth, 1-16. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://web.media.mit.edu/~mres/papers/playlearn-handout.pdf