According to Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter (2012, p. 606) the General Manager, Edward of 6 Steps & Rising has adopted an autocratic leadership style. The University of Iowa Studies identifies an autocratic leader as a leader that centralises authority, controls work methods and processes, makes independent decisions and restricts participation or feedback from employees (Robbins et al., 2012). He practices autocratic leadership styles when he centralises authority by disallowing Albert to see the chief executive officer regarding his request to transfer to other offices, controls creative processes that Teresa has put forward, makes independent decisions by implementing restrictive rules to govern employees and ignoring feedback provided to him by Safi.
1.1.2 Distrust and resentment
According to the trait theory, a leader needs to have traits such as honesty and integrity and extraversion in order for employees to develop trust in them (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991). The concept of trust is made up of five dimensions and Edward is lacking in these (Robbins et al., 2012). Edward does not uphold integrity when he gives a reply saying it is not up to him after being approached by Albert about the transfer. Edward is the only form of communication between the lower level employees and the top managers and so it is up to him to suggest the transfer to the CEO. Edward also lacks in competence, which refers to technical and interpersonal knowledge and skills. He does not carry out campaigns as they should and is only concerned with meeting deadlines. Edward does not have consistency, which refers to reliability, predictability and good judgment in handling situations as he fails to plan for turnover repeatedly. He does not show loy...
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...sa a former employee had a need for achievement, which is a desire to do something better than it was before, as she wanted challenging and creative tasks not mundane and simple tasks.
1.4 Decision Making
1.4.1 Planning for turnover
According to Fayal’s 4 principles, managers perform four management functions, which are planning, organising, leading and controlling. Edward has failed to plan appropriately for employee turnover. He needs to evaluate and revise the effectiveness of his previous decisions and go through the decision making process again so that he can prevent more employee turnovers. The seven steps of decision-making are identifying the problem, identifying the decision criteria, allocating the weights to the criteria, developing alternatives, analyzing alternatives, selecting alternatives and implementing the alternatives (Robbins et al., 2012).
Before you can summarize the concepts related to leadership theory, you have to define what leadership is. Leadership is a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task or goals. The fundamental concept of leadership is indirection. In any organization, the leader indirectly impacts the performance of the organization through the performance of individual team members. To make that impact, the leader takes on the role of the coach, and the inspiratory. As the coach, the leader improves the performer's skills. As the inspiratory, the leader inspires the passion required for optimal performance. A good leader can make decisions with a clear mind and will listen to theirs but can run through every consequence and possibility in their head. They take every angle and come out with the best answer for the majority of the people or situations it effects. And will not let their emotions be shut off but will have feeling where it is needed.
Beowulf was a Geatish warrior. He went to the Danes in order to fight the dragon, Grendal. Beowulf's goal was to prove his strength and courage by defeating this horrible demon that had been terrorizing the Danes for a while. The King of the Danes holds a great fest in Beowulf's honour, during which Beowulf boasts of past accomplishments. Grendal comes during the feast to once again, terrorize the Danes. Beowulf fights the Demon with no weapons and proves his strength to be greater than Grendal's. As Grendal tries to escape, Beowulf rips his arm off. Grendal goes back to swamp where he dies. Beowulf fought the dragon with no weapon in order to prove his great strength even without a weapon. The Danes greatly rejoiced in Beowulf's great show of power and ability by killing Grendal. Grendal's mother however, determined to extract revenge for Grendal's death. She killed one of the Danes, Aeschere, the King's most trusted adviser, and then went back to her swamp. When the Danes mourn the death Beowulf says to the King, "Wise sir, do not grieve. It is always better to avenge dear ones than to indulge in mourning. For every one of us, living in this world means waiting for our end. Let whoever can win glory before death. When a warrior is gone, that will be his best and only bulwark." By saying this Beowulf shows that his reason for everything he does is to win glory before his death. He also firmly believes that revenge is better than mourning. To avenge Aeschere's death the Danes went to the swamp. Beowulf dove into the swamp to fight Grendal's mother. Fighting underwater, Beowulf defeated her and then cut the head off the corpse of Grendal, which was at the bottom of the swamp, as a prize. Beowulf departs from the Danes and went on...
It is impossible to pinpoint precisely the time when interest in leadership styles emerged. However a set of experiments conducted by 3 social scientist in 1938 is a good time to begin. Kurt Lewin, Ronald Leppit, and Robert White used groups of children to study different approaches to exercising control. Their classic study identified three types of control: autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire. These three types of control came to be known as leadership styles.
1B. As Socrates takes the stand to defend himself against the Athenian government he began to explain why he should not be there and how he ended up at the stand in the first place. He cites an encounter with the oracle Delphi. He explains that he asked the oracle who was wisest of all men. The oracle replied that no man was wiser then Socrates (note this will be important later in describing his philosophy). Socrates knowing that he himself knew nothing and that there must be somebody out there with more knowledge than him set out on a journey. He went to many different kinds of people, poets, craftsmen, even politicians. All seemed to have much knowledge about many things. But Socrates found that even with all their knowledge of poetry, politics, and crafts none of it was true wisdom. When he would tell these people that they were in fact not wise, they wouldn’t take to kindly to Socrates.
In Plato's account of the death of Socrates, The Apology, the Greek philosopher and gadfly explains to his disciples why and how it is that he is able to accept his death sentence without fear or regret. The main thrust of Socrates position is that he prefers death to abandoning his principles, by which he means the right to speak and act freely and according to his convictions. Socrates is not entirely idealistic or irrational in his preference for death; he admits that he is old, that he has no irreplaceable attachments or obligations, and that he has accomplished most of what he set out to do in life. But at the same time, he offers compelling reasons why he should follow his convictions rather than obey his instinct for self-preservation: 1) he would "never give way to anyone, contrary to right, for fear of death, but rather... be read to perish at once; 2) he does not think it right "to entreat the judge, or to be acquitted by entreating; one should instruct and persuade him" (Plato, 1956:441); and finally 3) death is only a "migration from this world into another place," and is mostly likely a good thing which should be received as a blessing. Against these arguments, Socrates sees only the vain hope of preserving his life amid the likes of his judges, or fleeing ignominiously to some other land, losing his only home, his friends and the respect of those who admire the strength of his principles. In this essay, I will examine Socrates' decision to accept death rather than abandon his principles, and show why it is better to live and die according to one's convictions, than to take the easy way out.
In the last days of Socrates’ life while he awaits his death sentence, he examines and evaluates the facets of life and the morals that come as a part of human nature. He analyzes the concept of being, and what it means to be either living or deceased and through this analysis, Socrates particularly goes in depth with his examination of the human soul. In Phaedo, Plato meets with a follower who had been with Socrates on his last day, on which he talked much about the innermost qualities of being; life and death and how the soul constitutes those two entities. According to Socrates, there are four arguments that prove the existence of the soul: the Argument from Opposites, the Theory of Recollection, the Affinity Argument, and the Theory of Forms.
There are times in every mans life where our actions and beliefs collide—these collisions are known as contradictions. There are endless instances in which we are so determined to make a point that we resort to using absurd overstatements, demeaning language, and false accusations in our arguments. This tendency to contradict ourselves often questions our character and morals. Similarly, in The Trial of Socrates (Plato’s Apology), Meletus’ fallacies in reason and his eventual mistake of contradicting himself will clear the accusations placed on Socrates. In this paper, I will argue that Socrates is not guilty of corrupting the youth with the idea of not believing in the Gods but of teaching the youth to think for themselves by looking to new divinities.
Vince Lombardi once said, “Leadership is not just one quality, but rather a blend of many qualities; and while no one individual possesses all of the needed talents that go into leadership, each man can develop a combination to make him a leader.” A person needs many qualities to become a great leader. Throughout history, four qualities have remained constant: vision, communication, fixed principles, and confidence.
The twentieth century has brought in a number of management theories which have helped shaped our view of management in the present business environment. These emerging theories have enabled managers to appreciate new patterns of thinking, new ways of organising and new ways of managing organisations and people. Over the years these different theories have enabled the study of trends that have taken place in the management field. The major management viewpoints- which include the classical, behavioural and contingency approaches- have assisted in the formation of the contemporary twenty-first century management theory and techniques (S. C. Certo & S. T. Certo, 2006). Although, there are significant differences among all these approaches they seem to be unified by the efforts of improving an organisation’s efficiency in terms of proper human resources management. Furthermore, the dissimilarities seen in these approaches are due to the always changing organisations and environments which demand new management practices and techniques be applied to maintain the efficiency of an organisation.
Socrates: A Gift To The Athenians As Socrates said in Apology by Plato, “...the envy and detraction of the world, which has been the death of many good men, and will probably be the death of many more…”(Philosophical Texts, 34) Throughout history, many leaders have been put to death for their knowledge. In Apology, Socrates- soon to be put to death- says he was placed in Athens by a god to render a service to the city and its citizens. Yet he will not venture out to come forward and advise the state and says this abstention is a condition on his usefulness to the city.
Autocratic leadership theory is a part of the behavioural approach. In this leadership theory, leader makes all decisions and uses power to command and control the followers to achieve goal. According to Lewin(1939), “autocratic leaders are associated with high-performing groups, but that close supervision is necessary and feeling of hostility are often present” (p.173). It is incredibly efficient and tasks are completed quickly. Autocratic leadership can be beneficial when decisions need to be making quickly. For example, in emergency situation surgeon uses this theory because the patient’s situation is between life and death and there is no time to discuss with other members. Bass (2008) mentioned in the Leadership styles and theories article, “Autocratic leaders can be effective because they create good structure, and determine what needs to be done. They provide rewards for compliance, but punish disobedience” (Giltinane, 2013, p. 35-37).
Socrates ,a great philosopher, is not a corruptor of the youth of Athens or atheist, but an educator and guide. He believes that truth and reasoning can only be gained through dialogue and therefore he formulates a political philosophy established on the idea of forming a city on principles of reason. He sees the search for truth as a process of examining claims. Socrates encourages his audience and leads them to follow his course of thought by asking them questions. He leads discussions with youth to help them find the distinction between justice and injustice, which can lead to a better life. Socrates is accused of corrupting the youth and not believing in the Gods of the state. However ,he is a lover of wisdom ,a seeker of truth and his essential mission is to teach. He wants only to discover what is true and good about human nature.
Leadership is defined as the action of leading a group of people or organization in order to accomplish certain goals. A leader must possess certain power or ability to hold a leadership position (Al-Sawai, 2013). There are several leadership styles identified over the years. Regardless of his leadership type, a leader must be able to influence his organization and be aware what motivates his team members, so that the goals can be accomplished.
Many leadership researchers and scholars have stated that leaders do not exist without followers. Leadership has been described as the process of influencing, in which a person can enlist the support of others to accomplish a task or goal (Nye, 2010 and Oc & Bashshur, 2013). A leader is one whom others agree to follow, but a follower must be willing to be led. In developing leaderships styles and theories, the traits and behavior of the leaders were considered by Bass (2008). Bass described these styles as transactional and transformational leadership (2008). For the purposes of this short essay, I will discuss two leadership styles, the types of followers, and the autocratic style being used by this organization’s new VP.
In one’s opinion, when one combines these two leadership styles, in common and uncommon situations, one may see higher productivity and overall accountability within employers and employees – giving the workers a sense of self-respect within the company and experience to handle issues on their own as well as, the ability to be noticed in leadership aspects. However, one also must realize there are just as much cons to autocratic and empowerment leadership styles. Autocratic leadership’s cons involve incompetent feedback; plus, many feel these types of leaders shouldn’t be followed but used as an extreme measure to keep a business that is falling, in place (autocratic leadership). Perhaps seeing the cons of ...