Brain Injury

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Recommended: Case study for patient with stroke

Physical Effects of Stroke

Vision Loss
Vision loss generally is referred to as a loss of visual field, meaning that a person has a disturbance in their field of vision, which can no longer be seen. To classify Visual field loss, size and scope of visual disturbance is considered. A stroke occurring in left hemisphere, will affect the right field of vision in each eye. The same applies to the right of hemisphere affecting vision in the left Field of vision each eye.

Types of Vision Loss
• Hemianopia: blindness in half the visual field. The most common form is homonymous hemianopia, this means vision loss is the same side of each eye. Approximately 8 to 10% of stroke survivors have homonymous hemianopia.
• Quadrantanopia: blindness in a quarter of the visual field.
• Scotoma: blindness in a localized area much like a blind spot where there should not be one.
• Tunnel vision: blindness in the peripheral vision is lost, this is known as bitemporal hemianopia. Bitemporal hemianopia results in a loss of the temporal half of the visual field in each eye.

Treatment of vision loss

Treatment strategies are targeted at increasing Field of vision, this treatment is broken down into three categories:

Optical therapy: or rather Field vision relocation, Involved using mirrors or prisms to displace images from the affected area to the unaffected area. This therapy does not restore the affected areas but rather can increase visual field up to 20 degrees.

Saccadic training: a treatment increasing eye movement. As a person scans and landscape there maybe a blind spot due to loss of vision. Therapy can help train muscles of the eye to compensate staying within unaffected field of vision so that the head must turn.

Visual restoration therapy:...

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...reflexes

Treatment Of Spasticity

When treating spasticity specific goals are to: increase range of motion, relax stiff muscles, and inhibit involuntary contractions; in order to achieve these goals specific medications and therapies are prescribed.

Works Cited

https://www.braintrauma.org/tbi-faqs/tbi-statistics/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury

http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/tbi/

http://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PE-TBI.htm

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/117/4/e25.long

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/326510-overview

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003684/

http://www.strokecenter.org/patients/about-stroke/ischemic-stroke/

http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/TypesofStroke/IschemicClots/Ischemic-Strokes-Clots_UCM_310939_Article.jsp

http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=type

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