Introduction
The purpose of this study is to research the disease Type 2 Diabetes and to discover whether it is being effectively treated and prevented in Merced County, California. According to the National Institutes of Health, Diabetes Mellitus is “a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It is also the most common form of Diabetes”.1 Furthermore, there are many risk and lifestyle factors associated with this disease, but the most prevalent are; obesity (#1 risk factor), sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, family history and genetics, increased age, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and a history of gestational diabetes.2 The long term complications of having type 2 diabetes can include but are not limited to; eye problems (cataracts and glaucoma), foot problems (neuropathy/ nerve damage), skin problems (infections), high blood pressure (which raises your risk for heart attack, stroke, eye problems and kidney disease), hearing loss, oral health, mental health and early death.3
Based on the quantitative data available, type 2 diabetes is a very serious issue affecting the residents of Merced County. Compared to all 58 counties in California, Merced ranks 50th in the number of deaths from this disease, with an age-adjusted mortality rate of 26.1 deaths per 100,000 of the population (2007-2009).4 In comparison, California’s age-adjusted average is 19.5 deaths.5 However, we find that Merced fairs better than the 65.8 deaths per 100,000 persons set as the target rate by Healthy People 2020.6 In addition, healthypeople.gov has an overarching goal related to type 2 diabetes and health which is to reduce the disease and economic burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) a...
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.../pubs/pdf/diabetesreportcard.pdf. Accessed November 8, 2013.
2. California Diabetes Program. Available at: http://caldiabetes.org/content.cfm?contentID=1259&ProfilesID=22. Accessed November 7, 2013.
3.County Health Status Profiles. Available at: http://www.cdph.ca.gov/pubsforms/Pubs/OHIRProfiles2013.pdf. Accessed November 9, 2013.
4.Merced County Health Status Profile 2011. Available at:
http://www.co.merced.ca.us/documents/Public%20Health/MerCo%20Hlth%20Status%20Profile%202011.PDF. Accessed November 9, 2013.
5. HealthyPeople.gov. Diabetes. Available at: http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=8. Accessed November 8, 2013.
Table 1.
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One of the most crucial health problems affecting the people of Kern County is diabetes. The risk factors include: being over the age of 45 years old, having high blood pressure, having pre-diabetes, coming from an ethnic minority or low income household, smoking, being overweight or obese, physical inactivity, and eating less than five fruits and vegetables a day. Diabetes is a chronic medical condition where people identify themselves with irregular quantities of blood glucose, which can be a cause from deficiencies in the making of insulin. There are two types of diabetes that people are diagnosed with. The first one is known as Type 1 diabetes, which has to do with influences in your genetics, and Type 2 diabetes, which is brought on by choices in your daily routine. Gestational diabetes occurs while you are pregnant, and if it is not monitored well pregnant women can develop Type 2 diabetes within 5-10 years (Diabetes in C...
Diabetes Programs: The Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute Experience. Curr Diab Rep Current Diabetes Reports, 14(2). Doi:10.1007/s11892-013-0462-0
Diabetes is a prevalent health disparity among the Latino population. Diabetes is listed as the fifth leading cause of death among the Latino population in the website for Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, in 2009. According to McBean, “the 2001 prevalence among Hispanics was significantly higher than among blacks.” (2317) In other words among the Hispanic or Latino community, there is a higher occurrence of diabetes as compared to other racial/ethnic groups such as Blacks and Native Americans. The prevalence of diabetes among Latinos is attributed to the social determinants of health such as low socioeconomic status and level of education. Further, this becomes an important public health issue when it costs the United States $174 billion in both direct and indirect costs, based on the 2007 The National Diabetes Fact Sheet released by the CDC. In turn, medical expenses are twice as high for a patient that has diabetes as opposed to one without. Finally, this high cost becomes another barrier to receiving care for Latinos when some are in the low socioeconomic status.
Jost, Kenneth. “Diabetes Epidemic: why is this serious disease on the increase?” The CQ Researcher (March 9, 2001): 185-200
As society develops, people do not stop seeking access to healthcare services in order to ensure a better quality of life. With largely diverse populations, the Bronx has emerged to be a widely populated community in New York City. As a result, the challenges present in the community are overpopulation, polluted environment, excessive fast food chains, and noise pollution due to various transportations that are a root cause of many healthcare problems. One of the most significant is diabetes and the Bronx in particular has turned into the biggest epicenter of New York City’s diabetes crisis. Since diabetes has exploded into an alarming epidemic all over the country, it has become a formidable disease and also the seventh leading cause of death with multiple life-threatening complications and consequences for American society nowadays. Being a national priority concern, diabetes needs to be controlled to provide healthy communities for the American people, particularly residents located geographically in the Bronx community in New York.
What is diabetes? Should I be worried about getting it? What food can diabetics eat? Can they live as long as non-diabetics? Those were some of the questions that swarmed in my head when two of my close relatives were diagnosed with diabetes. After my relatives had been diagnosed, my whole extended family changed in how we ate and looked at food. I became very aware of this disease and thought I knew a little bit of what it was, but still had a lot of questions. I now feel like I have the knowledge of exactly what diabetes is, how to deal with it, and most important, preventing it.
Insulin is produced in the pancreas, inside the pancreas are pancreatic islets cells which secrete the insulin. Pancreatic islets are also known as islets of langerhans, they are clumps of cells scattered among the pancreatic cells. This hormone is known to be produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. Blood glucose is also known as blood sugars, these blood sugars are required to be at a normal (80-100 mg of sugar) level. Hyposecretion can cause type 1 diabetes mellitus, which means that not enough blood glucose is not leaving the blood. The hyposecretion is caused by many factors like tumors in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes is caused by the failure of the insulin receptors not being able to send the message to the cell to produce
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ways in which a person can prevent the progression of pre-diabetes into Type II Diabetes. Through proper diet including a reduced amount of calories per meal, decreased amounts of saturated fat and refined sugar, and implementation of portion control, one can significantly reduce body weight and BMI. By engaging in PA as few as three times and as many as six times per week, one can decrease their cholesterol, weight, blood pressure, and increase HDL levels in the blood, thus improving heart health. Teaching people who are at an increased risk of developing T2D in their lifetime due to genetics, sedentary lifestyle, and/or poor diet is a large factor in the prevention of T2D. It is going to be
Diabetes and its complications can be significantly delayed or prevented through patient education and health promotion measures (CDC, 2016). Type 2 Diabetes can lead to major health complications and precipitate risk factors that can cause macro and microvascular complications (ADA, 2016). These individuals that suffer from macro and microvascular complications are more susceptible to developing cardiovascular disease, cerebral vascular accidents, lower extremity amputations, and renal failure (CDC, 2016). Inadequate control of diabetes may result from poor management of the patient or failure of the primary care team to inform the patients of the possible risk and medical complications that may arise from poor glycemic control (ADA, 2016).
The best epidemiological terminology that bet support the importance of the implementation of evidence-based promotion class project on type-2 diabetes mellitus will be the prevalence and the attributary risk factors. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of metabolic disorder that is caused by numerous risk factors, such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor dietary intake. Diabetes mellitus has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality among different ethnic population (Okosun &Lyn, 2014). Understanding the scale of the prevalence, risk factors, and the impacts of the disease; Type 2 diabetes on individuals and the population will help the advanced practice nurses in the clinical settings in the assessment and implementation
Nationally, Type II Diabetes has increased to epidemic proportions. In 2010, it was the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. According to the National Diabetes Statistics Report of 2014, “29.1 million people or 9.3% of the US population have diabetes, with 8.1 million of them being undiagnosed.”1 In addition, the comorbidity conditions associated with diabetes include: high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, heart disease/stroke, blindness/eye problems, kidney disease, amputations and other related problems such as: hearing loss, nerve disease, and pregnancy complications. The national financial burden of this disease is impressive. In 2012, the CDCs’ estimated costs of diabetes in the United States were broken down as follows: Direct – medical costs of $176 billion; and Indirect costs: (work
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder related to the production and utilization of insulin; a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin is an important hormone in the absorption of glucose in the body, it facilitates the processing and absorption of glucose in the liver and skeletal muscles which utilize it for energy. There are 3 types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
A significant rise in the diabetes has been observed in the state of Illinois over the past twenty years. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), diagnosed diabetes among adults aged 18 or older in 1994 in IL had been between 4.5% - 5.9%, in 2010 that number jumped to 7.5%-8.9% (CDC Division of Diabetes Translation, 2011). Diabetes has many potential complications that include heart disease, stroke, hypertension, eye problems, and amputations (National Institutes of Health, 2011). Obesity and physical inactivity can lead to diabetes (American Heart Association, n.d.). In order to become a healthier community and not part of the state statistics for increase diabetes the focus
In conclusion, I hope my paper gives at least one person more information about diabetes and not the myths. Diabetes is a very challenging disease, that if not taken care of it can be life-threatening. The best thing a person can do if diagnosed
Today, type 2 diabetes mellitus is becoming more and more of a health issue for millions of people across the globe (Nadeau & Iyer, 2014). It is projected that, by 2025, over 300 million people in the world will have type-2 diabetes (Waryasz & McDermott, 2008). Type-2 diabetes is a condition in which the body builds up resistance to insulin meaning that the glucose in the blood cannot be effectively taken in by the insulin. This occurrence results in high blood sugar from the glucose not taken in, and left untreated, high blood sugar can destroy smaller blood vessels in the eyes, kidneys, and distal extremities. Also, when the blood vessels are destroyed and damaged, poor tissue perfusion occurs leading to poor wound healing (Waryasz & McDermott, 2008). However, these complications can be avoided and even reversed through adequate exercise and proper education given to patients on type-2 diabetes management which can be given through proper nursing education of type-2 diabetes patients or newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes patients.