This paper is a literature review of the results of three empirical studies on trust within the nurse–patient relationship. Studies implemented a descriptive qualitative design, and studies used quantitative research, and phenomenological approach method. The context of most quantitative studies was nurse caring behaviors, whereas most qualitative studies focused on trust in the nurse–patient relationship. The quantitative studies used a descriptive design, while qualitative methods included the phenomenological approach, Data collection was mainly by questionnaires or interviews. Evidence from this review suggests that the development of trust is a relational phenomenon, and a process, during which trust could be broken and re-established. Nurses’ professional competencies and interpersonal caring attributes were important in developing trust; however, various factors may hinder the trusting relationship. Trust in nursing Trust is identified with a variety of settings and applications. Trust is regarded as the foundation of any therapeutic relationship, and an essential element of nurse–patient relationships. The concept applies to nurses in professional settings as it is considered inherent in the relationship between a nurse and their patient, (Britcher, 1999) and the patients’ family. A clear definition of what constitutes trust is difficult to find in the literature, and various concepts are viewed from the perspectives of the nurse-patient relationship, the nurse's work environment, and contexts from other disciplines. The dual perspectives of trust as process and outcome are adopted, and their relationship to measurement of the construct is identified. The concept is examined to determine if differences in its ... ... middle of paper ... ... be trustworthy, then this diminishes the general perceptions of the trustworthiness of nurses across the board. By being trustworthy, nurses contribute to a general climate of trust and this is essential to the profession, and to the health and wellbeing of patients. References Belcher , M., & Jones, L. (1999). Graduate nurses’ experiences of developing trust in the nurse–patient relationship. Contemporary Nurse, 42–152. Benner , P., Tanner, C., & Chesla, C. (1996). Expertise in Nursing Practice, Caring, Clinical Judgement and Ethics. New York, New York: Springer. Berg, L., & Danielson, E. (2007). Patients’ and nurses’ experiences of the caring relationship in hospital: an aware striving for trust. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 501-506. Britcher, G. (1999). Paediatric nurses, children and the development of trust. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 451-458.
In the nurse-patient relationship, there are three phases that help the relationship develop. Craven and Hirnle (2009) describe the first phase, orientation, “consists of introductions and agreement between nurse and client about their mutual roles and responsibilities” (p. 329). It is in this orientation phase that first impressions are made a...
The application of the therapeutic nurse-client relationship is absolutely essential to providing the appropriate care to clients (College of Nurses of Ontario, 1999, p. 3). The therapeutic nurse client relationship consists of four components; respect, trust, professional intimacy and empathy (College of Nurses of Ontario, 1999, p. 3). Though, I have not been able to establish a nurse-client relationship yet, I have established customer-client relationships. Customers react similarly to clients when respect is established. One experience in particular really helped me make this comparison.
Upon the first point of contact between a nurse and patient, the way a nurse communicates through words, gestures or facial expressions can affect the patient's perception of the nurse. Communicating professionally helps to portray the nurse in a good light. This is important as having a positive perception of the nurse's image and behaviour is crucial to building patient trust — one of the key elements of a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship (Bell & Duffy, 2009; Wadell & Skarsater, 2007). The need for the establishment of therapeutic relationship is supported by th...
One of the most poignant statements that I have heard during my tenure in nursing school is that “Nurses are often the first person that an infant sees at birth and the last person that a patient sees upon death.” Nurses have contact with patients recurrently along this continuum of life, now more than ever. This is due to the world’s aging population and the correlating factor of higher patient acuity (Larson, 2013). This frequent and close contact with nurses has fostered a sense of trustworthiness in the minds of U.S. citizens. This is evidenced by a recent Gallup Poll which listed nurses as the most honest and ethical professionals in America (www.galluppoll.com, 2015). Nurses have the challenging task of providing this trust-worthy,
This literature critique reviews Catherine McCabe’s article, Nurse-patient communication: an exploration of patients’ experiences (McCabe, 2002). She has obtained many degrees related to health care (Registered General Nurse, Bachelor of Nursing Science, Registered Nurse Teacher, and Master Level Nursing) has many years of experience and is currently teaching at Trinity Center for Health Sciences. As stated in the title, this study will review the patient’s interactions with nurses in relation to their communication. This study used a qualitative approach, as stated within the article, by viewing the life experiences of the participants.
Nursing in this theory is described as an art that helps individuals who are in need of health care, and goals are attained threw following a series of steps in a pattern. The nurse and the patient have to work together threw this process to achieve said goals. The Theory of Interpersonal Relations is a process that starts with the roles of the nurse, and those roles began with the nurse as a stranger, teacher, resource person, counselor, surrogate and leader (Nursing Theories, 2012). The theory begins with the role of the stranger, which is defined as the introductory phase and is an environment where about the patient is meeting the nurse and developing a trusting relationship. The nurse as a teacher allows the nurse to provide knowledge and information on a particular interest while the resource person provides specific information to a problem or situation. As counselors the nurses help to make life decisions and provides guidance. The surrogate role acts as an advocate on the patients’ behalf, while the role of the leader has the nurse assuming most of the responsibility to help patients meet treatment
One of the nursing interventions that a nurse could use to address Brian’s inability to trust others is to build a therapeutic relationship with him. According to Stein-Parbury (2009, pp. 25-16), therapeutic relationship is when the nurse is able to maintain and establish a relationship with the patient. The nurse should be able to listen, explore and understand his reality. It allows him to share his thoughts and feelings freely without judgements, as he is highly suspicious to others and even to his wife.
This may be affected more in some fields of nursing than in others due to the amount of time each nurse can be spent with each patient, but should always be incorporated as much as possible. Potter et al. mentions that "by establishing a caring relationship, the understanding that develops helps the nurse to better know the patient as a unique individual and choose the most appropriate and efficacious nursing therapies" (2013, p. 85). By getting to know your patient, it makes your routine slightly easier as you can engage in practice knowing how that patient reacts, thinks and copes with different situations. It also allows that bond of comfort and trust to exist that will have the patient open up to personal feelings and other necessary subjective data needed to fully care for the individual as well as develops credibility when patient education is initiated. This is something that may develop over time but in the acute setting can be established by simply remembering the name of the patient, sometimes that may be all that is necessary for the patient to feel known by the nurse. Just reciprocating conversation about life, their experiences, their fears, and their thoughts on health is substantial for developing a caring moment and incorporating the fourth caritas process between the patient and
A therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is outlined as a helping relationship grounded on shared respect, trust, the encouragement of having faith and hope in oneself and others, and emotional support (Pullen et al., 2010). In doing so, the nurse can establish complete satisfaction of the patients needs, whether it be physical, emotional or spiritual. This relationship produces when the patient and the nurse come together in harmony and peace (Pullen et al., 2010). Efficient verbal and nonverbal communication is an essential aspect of interaction between nurse and patient – in doing this, the patient feels on par with the nurse, as an equal, rather than having no indication of what procedures are taking place (Pullen et al., 2010).
Nurses must have a professional relationship with all types of people. The nurse must be a professional with their coworkers, superiors, and patients. The most important relationship is with the patient; if a professional relationship does not exist with them, the nurse as well as the organization will get a bad reputation. This in turn will ruin our professional relationship with our coworkers and superiors and will eventually cost that person a
Therapeutic relationship is an essential part of nursing; it is the foundation of nursing (CNO, 2009). The National Competency Standard for Registered Nurses state that nurses are responsible for “establishing, sustaining and concluding professional relationship with individuals/groups.” Throughout this essay the importance of forming a therapeutic relationships will be explained. The process of building a therapeutic relationship begins from prior to time of contact with a patient, the interpersonal skills of the nurse; then the process includes skills required by the nurse to communicate effectively, including respect, trust, non-judgment and empathy. The way to portray these skills can be via verbal or non-verbal cues that are important to understand how they influence a person. The process and skills listed below are all relevant to nurses working in the contemporary hospital environment today.
The first factor, Formation of a Humanistic Altruistic System of Values, is defined as satisfaction through giving and extension of the sense of self. Next, Instillation of Faith-Hope facilitates the promotion of holistic nursing care and positive health within the patient population (Jesse & Alligood, 2014). Third, Cultivation of Sensitivity to Self and Others expresses “the recognition of feelings leads to self-actualization through self-acceptance for both the nurse and patient” (Jesse & Alligood, 2014, p. 83). The Development of a Helping-Trust Relationship factor promotes and accepts the expression of both positive and negative feelings and involves congruence, empathy, non-possessive warmth, and effective communication. The fifth concept, Promotion and Acceptance of the Expression of Positive and Negative Feelings explains that the nurse must be prepared for either one and identify that intellectual and emotional understandings of a situation differ. Systematic use of the Scientific Problem-Solving Method for Decision Making brings a scientific problem-solving approach to nursing care dissipating the nurse as the doctor’s handmaiden image (Jesse & Alligood, 2014). The seventh concept, Promotion of Interpersonal Teaching-Learning, separates caring from curing and “allows the patient to be informed and shifts responsibility for wellness and health to the patient”
Trustworthiness. Qualitative studies use trustworthiness as a way to measure the reliability and validity of data (Houser, 2015, p. 393). Trustworthiness has four components: credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability (Houser, 2015, p. 393). First, credibility is defined as the participant’s reality being accurately represented (Houser, 2015, p. 393). Credibility was represented when the researcher encouraged the participants to share their experiences openly. Once the researcher gathered the new nurses’ experiences and the information was transcribed, the new nurses’ were encouraged to verify the information for accuracy and were allowed to add any additional information to support the experiences if they felt it wasn’t
219). Perry also mentioned that self-confidence can have a direct impact on the amount of trust a patient may have in the care provided by a nurse (Perry, 2011, p. 218). The author did not clearly express the implications of her literature review findings.
Nursing is a field that requires constant review and transformation of its original scope of practice as the world also evolves into a more technological and interconnected society. Along history there had been astonishing breakthroughs and discoveries that have changed the course of action in the health care field. However, among all these changes the unique values that make up the essence of nursing continue to thrive. Some of these characteristics are empathy, establishment a holistic view of the patient, critical thinking and care through a trust relationship. This last aspect plays a crucial role in a successfully executed nursing process. Therefore, the present work aims to describe and explain the principles of Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory and its implications in the nurse-client relationship through different nursing roles.