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Essay paper on prostate cancer
Essay paper on prostate cancer
Essay paper on prostate cancer
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Introduction
Studies have shown that that 25% of men that are diagnosed with cancer are usually diagnosed with prostate cancer. It has progressed so much that it is the 3rd common cause of death in men in the USA. Drugs for prostate cancer have made progressed so much in just the last 10 years. Chances of survival and control in pain have improved so much with the evolution of chemotherapy drugs.
Chemotherapy is a treatment that using the bloodstream spreads all over the body to repair and kill cancer cells. It is able to kill cells in organs, lymph nodes, bones, lungs and even cancer cell that have metastasized. It is able to destroy these cells even when they have spread from the prostate region to other areas. This is drug is able to kill cancerous and non cancerous cells that are budding and replicating by circulating the drug in the bloodstream. This drug is prescribed in small doses so that healthy cells are still able to live without getting affected by the chemo drugs by adjusting the frequency and dosage of the drug. This therapy is usually used once the prostate cancer has started to spread to be able to control the spreading as much as possible. It is usually able to do this by combining with other drugs to stop the spread of the cancer cells in the body. These drugs can have various side effects from common side effects such as Diarrhea to life threatening effects such as kidney failure.
One of the most common cancers found in Men is prostate cancer. The prostate is one of the reproductive organs of male’s body. The main function of this body part is to make ejaculatory fluid. It is found at the front of the rectum and underneath the bladder, around the urethra. This specific cancer is found to affect older men a...
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...omise for a longer survival period for these patients as well. With the help of more research and clinical trials on drugs such as docetaxel, cabazitaxel and estramustine will ensure to treat advanced prostate cancer so that chances of survival increase, tumours shrink and the more cancer cells can be killed.
References
Appendix
Figure 1.0- Structure of Docetaxel
Figure 2.0- Structure of Cabazitaxel
Figure 3.0- Structure of Estramustine
Works Cited
http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/guidetocancerdrugs/estramustine
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/druginfo/prostatecancer
http://journals2.scholarsportal.info.ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/details/13419625/v19i0001/165_wldcwepcwtst.xml
http://journals2.scholarsportal.info.ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/browse/03445704
http://www.urologyhealth.org/urology/index.cfm?article=105
Because of advancements in technology and funding survival rates have increased in each patient and quality of life due to better chemotherapy and radio therapy drugs are helping millions of survivors round the world to lead a generally normal life without the risk of the cancer returning.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common ailments that affect aging men. Statistics show that more than half of the entire male population aged 65 have some form of BPH, while about 90 percent of men aged 85 have the condition. Every year, in the United States alone, about a quarter of a million surgeries are performed to correct BPH. As they name implies, BPH is a non-malignant growth of the prostate, the gland that secretes semen, the fluid that transports sperm. Although not harmful, BPH can bring about symptoms that could largely affect the quality of life of its sufferers.
1. Chemotherapy tends to be the conventional lung cancer treatment used that everyone has heard of. Today it uses a cocktail of over 100 different drugs and works by destroying the cancerous cells and stopping their spread. However, although considered to be an acceptable treatment, it does tend to cause many unwanted side-effects.
...0’s cancer mortality rates have dramatically decreased from 10% to over 80% for leukemia. Overall decline in mortality for cancer was nearly 54% from 1978 to 2008 (National Cancer Institute, 2011). Decrease in mortality rates are due to improvements in cancer treatments. Recent advances in treatments are due to aggressive cancer therapies and collaboration of findings from clinical trials. More than 80 percent of patients are expected to be long term cancer survivors (National Cancer Institute, 2011).
Chemotherapy is the treatment of a tumor with chemical agents to reduce mass or eradicate a tumor completely. There are certain mechanisms by which chemotherapy inhibits cancer. The first mechanism is cell death by cytotoxicity. Some chemical agents in certain amounts are toxic to cells. The cells die due to the toxic...
Prostate cancer has been the number one diagnosed cancer today. According to the World Health Organization, approximately one in every ten American men will develop prostate cancer during his lifespan. This cancer has been very common in the last few years. American Cancer Society reported over 200,000 new cases of prostate cancer. Huge number of population suffered severely. The prostate is significant for reproduction. It helps the substances that are involved in fertilization and transporting of sperm as well as survival. Prostate tumor is developed in the prostate gland, which is found in the men’s reproductive system. Prostate is the size of a walnut, which is located inferiorly in the penis and anterior to the rectum. It contains the connective tissue, which includes the glandular and fibrous tissues. This tumor starts to develop during their adolescent year due to the control of the male reproductive hormones. When the tumor starts to develop, it begins at the urethra, which is a tube that releases the urine from the bladder. The tumor is a slow development yet it is contagious to the other parts of the body, such as it does affect the pelvic bones, lungs, liver, and the lower vertebrae (Zenka, 2009).
For cancer patients there are several treatment options. Surgery can remove cancerous tumors, chemotherapy uses drugs for treatment, and radiation therapy. The doctor in charge of the patient’s treatment may also choose to use radiation therapy. “Radiation
Testicular cancer is only present in males because only males have testicles. About 8,820 cases of testicular cancer are diagnosed every year. About 380 men die from testicular cancer each year. This is actually a very high survival rate. Also, the risk of a man dying from testicular cancer is about 1 in 5,000 because it is highly treatable and sometimes can be curable. It seems that the group most affected by testicular cancer is middle aged men, the average age to be diagnosed is 33. Only 6% of testicular cancer cases occur in children and teens, and about 7% of testicular cancer cases are men above 55 years old. All in all, testicular cancer is a type of cancer only in males and starts off in the testicles. It is not that common and the survival rate is very high because of the technology and doctors of today.
However, at the center of medical practice, the talent of healing should always stay paramount. Bob Sneed is a 68-year-old man with a case of prolonging prostate cancer. Before diagnosis he began to experience the following symptoms: trouble urinating, noticed blood in his urine, and experienced general pain in his lower back, hips and thighs. He also experienced discomfort in his pelvic area. As the fatal disease continued to evolve, he has begun chemotherapy. He has become weak, and he has very small notion to eat. He has been seeing a physician on a current basis. His back pain is now controlled with high-dose of antibiotics, but the antibiotics have caused an increase drop in blood pressure. In addition to seeing the health care provider, he has also been seeing a psychologist to help him to manag...
In the end, cancer is not curable. Chemo is very hard on a person’s body I know from experience. If the patient is on chemo for a long period of time organs can eventually shut down. So, therefore, if cancer does not end up killing the individual then the chemo will. Some cancer patients do not even have the choice of receiving chemotherapy. When this choice is not an option anymore it is because cancer has developed and has spread all over the body. When this has happened the patient is usually given a timeline of how long they have to live. This is why (PAS) would be a reasonable option for them. They know they are going to die and instead of those last excruciating months of being sick they would go in peace before it got unbearable for
... into four different groups. The first group was given 400IU/day vitamin E alone, the second; 200ug/day selenium alone, the third; both and the fourth group; a placebo. The men were monitored over a median of six years. 529 men developed prostate cancer in the placebo group as compared to the 620 men in the vitamin E group who developed the disease. 575 men in the selenium group developed prostate cancer and 555 men in the combination group. The risk of prostate cancer in the United States is currently 16%. The results of the study showed that the risk of prostate cancer increased by 1.6% in men taking the vitamin E supplementation [6].
The human male reproductive system organs are located outside of the body around the pelvic region of a male (wikipedia, 2010). The testes produce sperm that would fertilize the female’s egg. Males have several secondary genitalia’s the penis, sperm ducts, epididymis, vas deferens and the urethra. The urethra is used for two purposes to urine and to ejaculate semen. Males also have accessory glands such as the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands. The prostate gland contributes fluid for ejaculation. Prostate fluids helps to nourish the sperm (Web Md, 2009). The seminal vesicle makes up most of the volume of a man's ejaculatory fluid and provide the sperm with nutrients that give the sperm energy(Web Md, 2009). Bulbourethral glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra. This fluid serves to lubricate the urethra ...
Another test for early detection of prostate cancer has been the digital rectal exam (DRE). Although DRE is a better method for early detection, it is also a hindrance among men, particularly African-American men, to screening and early detection (Plowden, 2009). According to American Cancer Society (ACS) and American Urological Association (AUA), the PSA and DRE should be offered annually for all men beginning at age 50 (Gray, 2009). However, they also recommend that African-American men with a family history of prostate cancer should begin testing by age 45 (Plowden, 2009). However, due to the cultural barriers to prostate screening such as lack of understanding, traditions, mist...
What exactly is Chemotherapy and why would it also kill “good” cells? Cancer could be described as the disease that sends cells out of control, rapidly multiplying the cells, until it harms the body. Chemotherapy is an effective drug treatment intended to treat individuals with various forms of cancer. Generally, this type of treatment is nonspecific, and non-molecular that uses chemical agents to break down all dividing cells. Chemotherapy, or chemo for short, destroys cancer cells, and can also cease the reproduction or spreading of these cells. Despite having apparent benefits, this type of treatment comes at a cost, presenting several disadvantages and side effects. Chemotherapy comes with a heavy burden, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, infections, and fatigue is a few of the short-term side effects. This analysis examines chemotherapy as a type of cancer treatment, as well as evaluating complimentary and alternative medicines.
The male reproductive system is a set of organs that works together to produce sperm which will later in life fertilize females eggs. The testes are the most important part of the system because it produces sperm cells. It is similar and looks similar to ovaries of a female’s reproductive system because it also holds what they need to reproduce. Its job is to produce the sperm cells needed to reproduce. Due to hormonal imbalances the production of sperm cells may not even be possible in some males. Testosterone is the male the hormone that gives men there manly characteristics. It is made up of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen with a white color. In the male body it helps develop sex organs, a deeper voice, and facial hair (Khalid, 2013). Cancer or a genetic disorder in males is the most common thing that cause the reductions of testosterone production in the body. Behind the testes is the epididymis which lets sperm go through the vas deferens from the testes (Dictionary, 2014). It looks like leach the way it is position right on the testes but it is thinner. When sperm is produces the ...