1
Transmission Power Control in Single-hop and
Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks
Abstract—A major challenge in wireless sensor network (WSN)
deployment is to minimize sensor node’s energy consumption
to prolong the lifetime of the finite-capacity batteries. Power
control is one of the main techniques used to conserve energy in
wireless sensor networks. In this paper we provide an efficient
power control scheme for WSNs based on Telosb platform
which is IEEE 802.15.4 standard compliant. Our simulation and
numerical results illustrate that energy spent to transmit a packet
in network system using short-range multi-hop path does not
necessarily save energy as suggested by some researchers [1].
However, in a single-hop we can save energy by transmitting at
lower transmission power levels while still maintaining reliable
connectivity, resulting in up to 23% reduction in the total network
energy consumption.
Index Terms—wireless sensor network, energy efficiency, transmission
power control
I. INTRODUCTION
Sensor networks are distributed networks made up of
small sensing devices equipped with a processor, memory
and the capability for short-range wireless communication.
Recently, ad hoc WSNs have gained tremendous attention
in research communities and commercial applications. This
has been partly due to ad hoc wireless networks’ capability
to establish connectivity without the need for pre-existing
infrastructure, and the fact that these networks are envisioned
to support a wide range of embedded applications. It is also
worth mentioning that the decrease in the size and cost of
sensors has also played a part in increasing the use of WSNs
for applications that would not have been considered feasible
previ...
... middle of paper ...
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The routing protocols for wireless sensor networks and underwater wireless sensor networks can be roughly
This paper propose an adequate approach of charging and recharging Smartphone batteries by Converting Power to Data and transmitted through a Wi-Fi ( Radio Wave) connectivity, also interconnect with Power consumption application that will automate and asynchrous power consumptions . The outcome of this research is recharge Smartphone batteries whenever Wi-Fi connectivity is available and accessible. And not to worry
Johnson, D., Maltz, D. (1996). Dynamic Source Routing in Ad-hoc Wireless network. Print ISBN: 0 79239697 0
... in Wireless Sensor Networks: Current proposal and Future Development, IEEE Xplore, Hong Kong, Oct- 2007.
An Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is the most used interior gateway protocol and computation intensive protocol where energy consumption in Internet Protocol (IP) networks is the main concern. The energy in an IP network can be saved by allowing a subset of IP router interfaces on sleep mode setting during the low traffic hours through the model of “move” by dint of an Energy Aware Routing (EAR) strategy, which is completely compatible with OSPF and is based on the “Shortest Path Tree (SPT) exportation” techinque or “Dijkstra's Algorithm”. In case of heavy traffic hours, the EAR strategy is not usable and may cause denial of service. The strategy implemented can help a network operator to control the network performance and allow a smoothed QoS degradation. This performance evaluation study permits to save about 30% of network links with a insignificant rise of link loads and network path lengths.
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of distributed sensors to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or detect dimensions, to pass their data through the network to a base station for processing. Advantages of WSN over a wired system considered in elimination of wiring cost, sensors can be installed in harsh environments. Each sensor node is a combination of Radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna micro-controller, electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors, energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting. Drawback of using sensors is having limited power to consume, a memory that is capable of performing limited computations, in addition to probability of communication failures between nodes.
Xie, Peng, and Jun-Hong Cui. "R-MAC: An energy-efficient MAC protocol forWASA 2007. International Conference on. IEEE, 2007.
Many recent advancements which took place in the wireless communications and electronics is the reason which enabled development of cost effective sensors, and those sensors are used for various applications like in household, military and other areas. The networks still have some technical problems which still need to be fixed and are currently being researched.
We consider a wireless sensor network with N = 100 nodes distributed randomly in 100m X 100m field. A gateway node is deployed in the centre of the sensing field. The BS is located far away from the sensing field. Both gateway node and BS are stationary after deployment. We consider packet size of 4000 bits. We compare our protocol with LEACH protocol. To assess performance of our protocol with LEACH, we ignore the effects caused by signal collision and interference in the wireless channel. Table 1 shows the radio parameters used in our
A sensor node is also known as a mote (mostly in North America). This sensor node in a wireless sensor network is capable of performing some processing, gathering of sensory information and communicating with other connected nodes in the network. It must be clearly understood that a mote is a node but a node is not always a mote. Although wireless sensor nodes have existed for decades and used for applications as diverse as earthquake measurements to even warfare, the latest development of small sensor nodes dates back to the 1998 Smartdust project[1] and the NASA Sensor Webs Project[1]. One of the objectives of the Smart dust project was to create autonomous sensing and communication within a cubic millimeter of space. Though this project ended early on, it led to many more research projects. They include major research centers in Berkeley NEST [2] and CENS [2]. The researchers involved in these projects came up with the term mote to refer to a sensor node. The equivalent term in the NASA Sensor Webs Project[2] for a physical sensor node is pod, although the sensor node in a Sensor Web can be another Sensor Web itself. Physical sensor nodes have been able to increase their capability in conjunction with Moore's Law. The footprint of the chip contains more complex microcontrollers and these microcontrollers are also lower powered. Thus, for the same footprint of the node, more silicon capability can be now packed into it. Nowadays, motes or nodes focus on providing the longest wireless range upto dozens of km, with lowest energy consumption and the easiest development process for the user.
[8] A. Dolgov, R. Zane, and Z. Popovic, “Power management system for online low power RF energy harvesting optimization,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1802–1811, Jul. 2010.
A wireless sensor network is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors.They have the ability to monitor the physical as well as the environmental conditions.It is being widely adopted as a promising solution to numerous numbers of challenges which are being faced today. Sensor nodes, also known as motes, not only have limited amount of storage as well as processing capability which is a severe problem but also another constraint is the limited amount of energy of these sensor nodes. Dissipation of the nodes energy poses very critical issueas the lifetime of the node is limited by its battery capacity inwireless sensor network.
De Poorter, E., Troubleyn, E., Moerman, I., & Demeester, P. (2011). IDRA: A flexible system architecture for next generation wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 17(6), 1423-1440. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-011-0356-5
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