Major Depressive Disorder is a chronic, persistent mental illness. EPIDEMIOLOGY Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or unipolar depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders seen in primary care but only half of all MDD sufferers seek medical help (Johnson Vanderhoef 109; Myers DeWall 520). NEED A TIE IN SENTENCE Incidence Prevalence. It is estimated that 5% of the United States (US) population (or approximately 10,000,000 Americans) are impacted by MDD making it the leading cause of disability in the US (Johnson and Vanderhoef 109). Unfortunately, 15% of MDD sufferers will commit suicide (Johnson and Vanderhoef 109). Thus, the importance of understanding MDD its role in mental health is crucial. Sex. Women are more likely to suffer from MDD than men. In fact, there is “a twofold greater prevalence of major depressive disorder in women than in men” (Kaplan Sadock 528). According to Kaplan Sadock, the reason for this imbalance is due to: (a) hormonal imbalances, (b) childbirth, (c) differing psychosocial stressors, and (d) behavioral models of learned helplessness (529). Age. Major Depressive Disorder can occur at any age, but the average age of onset is 40 years of age (Kaplan Sadock 529). Johnson and Vanderhoef suggest that many MDD sufferers begin having MDD symptoms between the ages of 20 30 (109). However, according to Kaplan Sadock, MDD can occur both earlier in life (childhood) as well as in old age (529). Marital Status. According to Kaplan Sadock, MDD occurs “most often in person without close interpersonal relationship or in those who are divorced or separated” (529). This lack of a close personal relationship may be the trigger that exacerbates MDD. Socioeconomic. Kaplan Sadock suggest that no correlation ... ... middle of paper ... ...elphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012. Print. "Depression (major depressive disorder)." Depression (major depression) Risk factors. Mayo Clinic, n.d. Web. 27 May 2014. . Johnson and, Kathryn, Dawn Vanderhoef. Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Review Resource Manual. 3rd ed. Silver Spring: American Nurse Credentialing Center, 2014. Print. Myers, David G., C. Nathan DeWall. Exploring Psychology. New York, NY: Worth, 2014. Print. Stahl, Stephen. Prescribers Guide: Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology. 4th ed. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2013. Print. Tusaie, Kathleen R., Joyce J. Fitzpatrick. Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nursing: Integrating Psychotherapy, Psychopharmacology, Complementary Alternative Approaches. New York, NY: Springer, 2013. Print.
Walsh, A. & Clarke, V. (2009) Fundamentals of Mental health Nursing New York: Oxford University Press.
This paper will focus on depressive disorders, and it will describe what they are, how they manifest themselves, what causes them and/or what makes certain individuals susceptible to the disorder as compared to others. This piece will also describe the most common treatment practices, and the effectiveness of these treatments. It will conclude by offering some testimonials from individuals who suffer from depressive disorders as well as some additional commentary about depressive disorders and their implications/challenges.
Depression is the most common of all psychological disorders. It effects more than 100 million people worldwide. Between 8 and 18% of the general population will experience depression in their lifetime. Research has proved that in any 6-month period, 8% of woman, and 4% of men are likely to be diagnosed with some form of depression. Hirshfield and Goodwin (1988) say that as many as 15% of severely depressed individuals eventually kill themselves.
“Depression Across the Lifespan.” Depression Tool Kit. University of Michigan Depression Center. UMDC, 2013. Web. 06 Apr. 2014.
Depression is one of the most common conditions encountered in medical practice in fact 16% of the U.S population is diagnosed with a depression mood, at heist risks are adolescents with 20%. However it is less common in children, but when it happens it determines the long-terms psychological health of the child. Women have twice the risk as men for developing depression because puberty is a particular high-risk period for females. More then 70% of people with unipolar depression have another disorder such as: substance abuse, anxiety disorder or eating disorder.
Rather than preparing graduates in education or consulting as previous graduate nursing programs had done, this program educated psychiatric-mental health nurses as therapists with the ability to assess and diagnose mental health issues as well as psychiatric disorders and treat them via individual, group, and family therapy (ANA, 2014). Thus, the Psychiatric Mental Health Clinical Nurse Specialist (PMH-CNS), one of the initial advanced practice nursing roles (Schmidt, 2013), was born. After Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 led to deinstitutionalization of individuals with mental illness, PMH-CNSs played a crucial role in reintegrating formerly institutionalized individuals back into community life (ANA, 2014). PMH-CNSs have been providing care in a wide range of setting and obtaining third-party reimbursement since the late 1960’s. In 1974 a national certification for PMH-CNSs was created (APNA, 2010). Subsequently, PMH-CNSs began to be granted prescriptive privileges in the Pacific Northwest in the late 1970s, that practice has now spread to 37 states and the District of Columbia (APNA,
Studies show that approximately 11%, or 1 in 9 men (in Canada) have suffered from major depression.
For one, concerning the severity of disturbance, it is possible that the severity level is moderate in nature rather than severe. Although this could be the case, it is not likely for a few reasons. For one, as described in DSM-5, psychomotor disturbances are uncommon but are indicative of a greater overall severity of a disturbance (APA, 2013). As mentioned before, it was observed that T. F. was experiencing severe psychomotor retardation. Moreover, T. F. is experiencing an MDD episode with melancholic features, which is primarily characterized by severe anhedonia. As described in DSM-5, a depressive episode with melancholic features is more likely to occur in severe episodes of MDD than in milder episodes (APA, 2013). And of course, as described previously, T. F., as a result of his great number of symptoms, is experiencing considerable distress and
“Women are two times more likely to develop depressive symptoms then men”(Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors in Women’s Health, 1990), and women who are among the child-bearing years tend to be more at risk. However this is not to say that men are not affected by depression. It is usually, because of negative social influences, such as economic instability, and/or the inability to handle stress in their lives.
It is my ambition to become a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner in an inpatient unit, outpatient mental health clinic, alcohol/drug rehabilitation and/or health department in a underserve area. It is my hope to acquire the knowledge and skills to enable me to assist in this situation by participation in the Post Masters Certification for Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
Newell, R. Gournay, K (2000) Mental Health Nursing - An evidence based approach. London: Churchill Livingstone.
Kahn, Ada P., and Jan Fawcett. The Encyclopedia of Mental Health. 2nd ed. New York: Facts On File, 2001.
Varcarolis, E. M., Carson, V. B., & Shoemaker, N. C. (2006). In Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing (p. 283). St. Louis: Elsevier Inc.
Psychiatric and mental health nursing is a unique specialty of nursing that strives to promote the mental health of clients. Psychiatric mental health nurses work in partnership with their clients to manage their mental illness. In Canada psychiatric mental health nursing is guided by seven standards of practice, which provide guidance for nursing practice to ensure that safe, competent, and ethical services are delivered to the clients (Canadian Federation of Mental Health Nurses [CFMHN], 2006). Of these standards, standard five, which addresses the nurse intervening through the teaching-coaching function, will be the focus of this paper. The purpose of this paper is to identify standard five from the Canadian Standards of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing (2006), describe five of the indicators within that standard, apply them to clinical practice and reflect on the importance of each indicator through literature.
...on to a better, more productive lifestyle. Overall, there are many causes of this unbearable disease, and often many times a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors are involved in the onset of a depressive disorder. However, the big risk factor in major depression is suicide. Within five years of suffering from major depression, an estimated 25% of sufferers try to kill themselves. Therefore, it is important to take action when confronted with the symptoms of this disease. Depression reaches many people and that is why I chose this as my topic. Depression is maybe the most painful illness, but it can be overcome. Hopefully everyone with depression seeks help either through medication or therapy.