One of the first people to study the xenoliths at El Joyazo was Zeck (1970); Zeck hypothesised that the xenoliths and dacitic lava of El Joyazo were derived syn-genetically from a semi-pelitic rock through anatexis. The protolith rock was thought to be separated into anatectic restites, represented by Al-rich xenoliths, and anatectic melt, represented by the dacitic lavas. The xenoliths were classified into three types: (1) almandine-biotite-sillimanite gneiss, (2) quartz-cordierite gneiss and (3)
On Sunday September 20th The class of Geog 2020 went on a field trip to observe bio-physical features of the Ottawa area. Our first stop was to Erskine Johnson Elementary School in Kanata where there is a large visible outcrop of precambrian rock in the school yard. Our next stop was to The March Highlands Conservation Forest, a forested area that features beaver ponds and sand stone beddings. Next we moved on to the Crozier pit, a mining sight near Renfrew that features a large precambrian marble
Mauna Loa: The Fiery Mountain Mauna Loa is Earth’s largest volcano and most massive mountain as it takes up nearly half of the flourishing landscape of the island of Hawai’i. This island is actually made up of five volcanoes, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea, all in such close proximity that they fused together to form one whole island. Mauna Loa is located in the south central area of Hawai’i, in the Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park and its coordinates are 19°5' N, 155°6' W. It
Geological Setting The Cape Granite Suite formed about 560-520 Ma during the Saldanian orogeny which occurred between 780 to 510 Ma (Harris & Vogelli, 2010; Villaros, Stevens & Buick, 2009). This orogeny formed as a result of the convergence of the Rio de la Plata and Kalahari cratons during the formation of Gondwanaland (Harris & Vogelli, 2010). The granitoids of the CGS were intruded into the three terranes of the metasedimentary and metavolcanic Malmesbury Group which are divided by distinct
INTRODUCTION For millennia mankind has inhabited the third planet from the sun; the planet that supports life and is know to us as Earth. Although there has been life on Earth for quite sometime, it is only in the past few centuries that man has come to learn about what makes up the interior of this planet. The English scientist, Isaac Newton, can be seen as a pioneer in regards to learning about the Earth’s interior, as he calculated from his studies of planets and the force of gravity, that the
Our understanding of the Earth’s interior has been a focus for scientific study for multiple decades, recognised in the early 1900’s. Throughout the years, scientists have debated and quarreled over their findings, observations and theories for the most correct model of the composition and internal structure of the Earth. Earthquakes play a major role into understanding the composition and materials that exist within the Earth (Merali and Skinner, 2009, p.252). Earthquakes are the main source of
Diamonds are a source of attraction every human over thousands of years as a diamond has its own unique, shining and beautiful. Moreover, diamonds also conducts heat better than any other mineral. But where and how did the diamond formed? On this occasion, we will discuss the history or origin of the formation of diamonds on earth. However, nowadays people know that the diamond originated from the minerals in the world but they do not know which minerals can form a diamond. Diamond is the hardest
pages 2313-2336 Catherine A. McCammon; Mantle Oxidation State and Oxygen Fugacity: Constraints on Mantle Chemistry, Structure, and Dynamics; Bayerisches Geoinstitut Clive R. Neal, Lawrence A. Taylor; 1989; a negative Ce anomaly in a periditite xenolith: Evidence for crustal recycling into the mantle or metasomatism? A.E. Ringwood; 1977; Petrogenesis in island arc systems; American geophysical union Charles R. Stern; 2011; Subduction erosion: Rates mechanisms, and its role in arc magmatism
Volcanism of Long Valley, California: The Bishop Tuff Eruption The west coast of North America has been tectonically and volcanically active for billions of years. The Sierra Nevada Mountains in eastern California were born of volcanoes, and magma has been erupting in the Long Valley to the east of the mountains for over three million years (Bailey, et. al., 1989). However, the climactic eruption of the region occurred relatively recently in the region's geologic history. About 760,000 years