Free Waveform Essays and Papers

examine, from which developed the Latin ending “scopium”, which has been used to form names for instruments that enable the eye or ear to make observation. An oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument that commonly used to display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals. This device draws a graph of signal voltage as a function of time. Oscilloscope usually have two-dimensional graph which electrical potential differences represent by Y-axis (vertical) and time represent by X-axis (horizontal)

waves that would give us extra credit (a triangle wave and approximations to a sine wave). We also discovered a way to easily vary frequency and amplitude. 2.Introduction This experiment uses four operational amplifiers (opamps) to deliver these waveforms in the 6 Hz to 7000 Hz range. The sine wave is a pseudo sine wave produces by a very simple wave Shaping circuit. A digital counter can be used along with a DAC to generate analog voltage functions of time such as square wave and ramp wave. In this

and the rms value of the fundamental component. A total harmonics distortion is an evaluate of closeness in a shape between the output voltage waveform and its fundamental components. THD=√(E_rms^2-E_1^2 )/(E_rms^1 ) 2.1 (d) Distortion Factor (DF) A distortion factor shows the amount of harmonics that remain in the output voltage waveform, after the waveform has been subjected to second order attenuation. It is found as DF= √((∑_(n=2,3..)^∞▒(〖E_(n_rms )/n^2 〗^.)^2 )/E_(1_rms ) ) 3 HARMONICS REDUCTION

current flows. Experiment 2: Rectifiers convert an AC into a DC by allowing a current to flow through it in one direction only. There are two kinds of rectifiers, Half- wave: A half-wave rectifier allows only one half-cycle of the AC voltage waveform to be applied to the load, using one half cycle of the applied voltage, the other half cycle being suppressed because it conducts only in one

originate from the brainstem when a short stimulus is played to a patient’s ears. Results are extracted by recording electrical activity in the brain using electrodes that are placed on the scalp, which produce an EEG that consists of different waveforms but the background EEG is separated to detect only the auditory brainstem response. The stimulus presented to the patient is most commonly a click stimulus, which generates a response from the basilar region of the cochlea, as it produces waves that

of paper ... ...s A and B are connected to the amplitudes of Signal A and Signal B respectively. The amplitudes of the signals oscillate when the knobs are turned. Signals A and B are both wired to the waveform chart and EX table. This allowed both of the signals to be graphed on the waveform chart as well as their respective values placed in the EX table. Signal B is also connected to a comparison block and an LED. When Signal B has amplitude greater than two units, the LED flashes, as indicated

arbitrary digital waveforms and frequencies from a single frequency source. As the VLSI technology is developing also the requirement of the various modern communication systems, direct digital synthesizers have been widely in use like wireless transceivers since the 1980’s. Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis (DDS), consists of a Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO), which is a technique which uses digital-data and mixed or analog-signal processing blocks which generate signal waveforms that are repetitive

Mentor Graphics Objective To complete all aspects of the exercise regarding D type flip-flop, TTL and CMOS and to familiarize us with the HDL software which is Mentor Graphics. This software is capable of constructing and simulating a particular design. As for this assignment 1, we are given 4 weeks to complete the assignment. It is compulsory to attend every lab sessions as there is no alternative software to use. Only a certain limit of time is given for the use of the software and therefore

harmony. The frequency produced is classed as a musical note. Noise, however, is the occurrence of a very irregular waveform which is produced by multiple frequencies simultaneously. The unusual waveform of a noise cannot be deconstructed into regular patterns. Therefore, the difference between music and noise is that noise takes no steady waveform, whereas music is constructed by a waveform which repeats regularly at a set wavelength for each individual pitch. Anatomy of the Ukulele The

is the inductor depletes and the load voltage starts to fall, current from the capacitor acts as a source and keeps the load voltage constant. Equivalent circuit shown in Figure 3.3 Figure 3.2 Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 shows the inductor current waveform during the two operating modes of the Buck Converter (ON and OFF Mode) where D = Duty Cycle, T = Period, = Max inductor current, = Min inductor current. Note that the current is always positive thus it is continuous. Figure 3.4 Equations and Derivations: