at sunlit raindrops (or water drops). The raindrop acts like a mirror in that it reflects some of the refracted light back towards you, while other rays leave directly from the opposite side. These refracted rays are the ones that you see as a rainbow. Thus, when the white light from the sun hits a raindrop the light is dispersed as it enters (like in the prism). The different colors undergo refraction and reflection due to the change of index of refraction between the water and the air. The formation
white clouds drifted through the atmosphere. In the clouds lived a family Droplet of water, round and content with life. For as long as I could remember, I spent my days lying on my back, relaxing and soaking up the sun's warm rays. One day, I took my usual place in the sun but the light didn't seem to be as bright. In fact, as the day went on, it grew darker and darker, loud claps of thunder shook the cloud, and the Droplet felt as if he were getting so heavy he could hardly move. This is called
flotation, water phase is enriched in gas bubbles which adhere to the oil droplets. This causes an increase to the buoyancy of the oil droplets and provokes a faster motion to the surface of water. Due to the gas, a foam layer is formed in the surface in which the oil droplets get trapped and then removed. This process is used mainly for oil droplets of size smaller than 10 microns and high levels of 90%+ oil removal can be achieved. A gas flotation vessel is shown in figure xx. Water enters the
which one of the liquids being dispersed as small spherical droplets. There are two types of emulsion which is oil-in-water and water-in-oil. Oil-in-water emulsion is the dispersed oil droplets in an aqueous phase of a system. For example, milk dressing and mayonnaise. In contrast, water-in-oil emulsion is the dispersed of water droplet in an oil phase of a system. For example, margarine and butter. The substance that makeup the droplets referred as dispersed phase while that makeup surrounding liquid
2.1.8 Water salinity. The salinity of the water is a measure of the tоtal dissolved solids in the water phase. As salinity of the water increases, the density of the water increases, which in turn increases the differential density between the water and the оil. The increase in differential density аids in sepаration of the water and oil phases. Small amount of salt or other dissolved solids, in the water phаse will appreciably lower the interfacial tension and thus will decrease the difficulty of
Cloud is a visible, spatial configuration of water droplets or crystals, floating in the air above the surface of the ground. Their formation process starts when water vaporizes from the Earth surface and moves upwards with the air. Atmospheric pressure decreases with the changing height, forcing the air to expand and cool. Exceeding certain temperature, air saturate and sheds vapour that can no longer be retained. This turns vapour into the small droplets that seat onto the dust or salt particles floating
fogging system. How does the system work? The working principle of the fog cooling system can be summarized as this system utilizes very high pressure water about 1000 psi or 70 pars which occurred from a pump with high quality and delivery lines to create a very fine droplets size nearly 10 micron from specifically designed nozzles. Then, these fine droplets are quickly evaporated and absorbed the heat found in the air. In order to offer an excellent cooling; fog cooling systems use something called flash
these plants have adapted to their climatic region. It was learned that most plants transpire more than 95% of the water they take in. It was thought thought that that this can't be true for all plants especially ones that live in arid climates. The purpose of this test is to find out how different plants adapted to preserve water in terms of transpiration since plants lose so much water by this process. Plants were taken from different climatic regions with a range of precipitation levels. An Aloe
beverages, the utilization of lime essential oils is often limited because of their relatively low water solubility (Chang et al., 2012). This can be explained by the reason that essential oil are generally the mixtures of hundreds of lipophilic aroma compounds including lipophilic terpenoids, phenylpropanoids and short-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon derivatives, making it to be immiscible when added to water (Kubeczka, 1979).
blue, that is because water covers about 75 percent of Earth’s surface. Water is a necessity to sustain life on Earth, which sets Earth apart from other planets in our solar system. Water is the only substance that can occur naturally and change states from a liquid, solid, and gas. Therefore, Earth’s water is constantly moving from these states in the ocean, land, and to the atmosphere. The presence of water on, in, and above the Earth is known as the water cycle. The water cycle continuously cycles
Typically both types of nozzles have some type of control valve attached which allows the operator to start, stop or reduce the flow of water to the nozzle discharge. Smoothbore Nozzle The original nozzle used in the fire service was the smooth bore. The nozzle itself is a simple design with no moving parts, typically comprised of cast or machined metal that allows water to take shape as it leaves the opening. The smoothbore
to their high boiling point. In room temperature, the water spot will disappear because water can absorb enough heat from the surrounding air and evaporated. But, the lipid spot can never absorb enough heat to evaporate and hence the lipid will stuck inside the paper sheet. Thus, lipid diffracts the light ray so that light can pass from one side of the paper to another side. This gives the phenomenon of "translucent". In practical 8.1, water gives a negative test whereas both corn oil and olive oil
distillation. When a mixture of ethanol and water is heated, it will boil at a temperature between 78.3 C (the boiling point of pure ethanol) and 100 C (the boiling point of pure water). In fractional distillation, the vapor will condense on a surface. The condensate will then evaporate again and then condense on another surface. This process will continue until the percentage of ethanol in the mixture continues to get larger as the percentage of water decreases. The more “surfaces” that the vapor
home to their barrows before the vicious creatures of the night come out to play and hunt. Light brown fawn clumsily follow their mothers to the small shimmering pond where the golden ducks quack happily, rejoice, and splash about in the cool blue water.
Normally, emulsified water is generally present in crude oil as a result of the mixing occurring during production operations and referred to as oil field emulsion. This emulsion can be encountered at numerous stages include during drilling, producing, transporting and processing of crude oil. However, the formation of emulsion creates problems in oil field industry. They might increase the cost of production and also transportation; accumulate in the refinery tank age, pipeline corrosion, equipment
directly and indirectly with the earth’s radiation budget and climate. In direct effect the aerosols scatter sunlight. In indirect effect the aerosol can modify the size of cloud. Any particle suspended in atmosphere is aerosol .it does not include water vapor and gas. There are the two different sources of aerosol one is the natural source and other is anthropological or the men made aerosol example of natural sources is volcanic aerosol, sea bridges and sea Sault. Because of the wind natural sources
global climate change, moisture from the land and water evaporates, which leaves less water on the Earth (**). While some places are getting more snow and rain to make up for the climate change, others are getting less. Droughts are becoming longer and more intense internationally since the 1970’s (**). If there is no change, studies show that droughts are going to keep getting longer and more severe. Droughts are dangerous because they mean less water for things like watering crops, drinking, and production
years ago, while the Earth’s water has been present for 3.8 billion years (Bethea, 2011). Water is known as H2O, meaning each water molecule consists of two hydrogen and one oxygen atom (Bethea, 2011). Water molecules are in a constant state of movement and are present as a “solid, liquid, and gas” (Bethea, 2011, p. 18). Water in all forms is continually moving and recycling through the processes of the water cycle (or hydrologic cycle); evaporating from the oceans, water bodies, and plant vegetation
Water is easily the most known compound in the world. Water is able to easily change from a solid, to liquid to gas. Those three changes are the different states of matter that water can easily undergo when put under heat. In its purest form, without any other added elements or compounds, water is dihydrogen oxide. Two hydrogen atoms bonded with one oxygen atom. Pure water is very rare however. Ninety-seven percent of the Earth’s water is saltwater (American Water Works Association, 2002). This only
Importance of Water Water is made up of 2 basic components, these being Oxygen and Hydrogen. Water has the molecular formula H2O. We are about two-thirds water and require water to live. Life now, could not have evolved without liquid water and would die without it. For example, droughts cause famines and floods cause death and disease still to this day. Because of its importance, water is the most studied material on Earth. Water in human biology Water is very