castings mix with decomposed organic matter you wind up with compost full of beneficial microbes and nutrients that, when spread on a garden, help feed, nourish, and protect growing plants. According to a 1998 article in Bio-resource Technology, vermicompost is compared with high-grade horticultural compost "has desirable aesthetics, has reduced levels of contaminants and tends to hold more nutrients over a longer period, without impacting the environment. “It’s a win for everyone! In this document
Vermicomposting is the separating of natural material using worms, microorganisms, and fungi. In nature, natural matter is deteriorated through these organisms. The finished result of vermicomposting is a substance called vermicompost or "worm castings". This is a supplement rich natural substance that can be added to soil to expand it's natural matter substance and accessible nutrients. A typical approach to utilize this procedure is to construct "worm receptacles"; essentially
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) belongs to family Solanaceae and is one of the most important vegetable cum starch supplying crop having high production per unit area per unit time. Potato, an underground tuber occupies prime position among the cash crops in India. Potatoes are rich source of vitamins, especially C and B and also minerals. Tubers contain 70-80% water, 20.6% carbohydrate, 2.1% protein, 0.3% fat, 1.1% crude fibre and 0.9% ash (Banu et al., 2007). It also contains good amount of essential
1.4 Sawdust The production of briquettes from sawdust and other agro-residues exemplifies the potential of appropriate technology for the utilisation of biomass residues which abound in large quantities in developing countries. However, compared to developed countries where successful briquette operations are mostly found, briquettes have not been widely adopted in developing countries due to the high cost of production, lack of awareness on its sustainability, lack of ready market and poor packaging
2.1 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their source: Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste, Industrial waste as hazardous waste, and Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious waste. 2.1.1 Municipal waste The term municipal solid waste (MSW) is generally used to describe most of the non-hazardous solid waste from a city, town or village that requires routine collection and transport to a processing or disposal site
carried out there is possibility of toxic material entering the stream of SOLID WASTE. 2.2 VERMI-COMPOSTING :- Vermicompost (or vermi-compost) is the product of the composting process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. Vermicompost contains water-soluble nutrients and is an excellent, nutrient-rich organic fertilizer and soil conditioner.
Vermicomposting process Advantage of vermicomposting: 1. Help in improving soil aeration, in water holding capacity and enriching the soil with microorganisms. 2. Benefits the plant by enhancing plant growth, germination and crop yield. 3. Vermicompost can be mixed directly into the soil and works as a soil conditioner. 4. Its production also reduces greenhouse gas emissions such as methane, nitric oxide and helps to close the gap through recycling waste on-site. Benefits and Uses: • Improved
Earthworms (Phylum - Annelida, Class - Chaetopoda, Order - Oligochaeta) occupy a unique position in animal kingdom and are the first group of multi cellular and eucoelomate invertebrates who have succeeded to inhabit terrestrial environment. The knowledge about the importance of earthworms is not a very modern phenomenon. The Ancient Greeks regarded the earthworm to play an important role in improving the quality of the soil. The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.) regarded worms as “the
in the aquaponics system is the participation of microbes (nitrifying bacteria) and composting red worms that flourish in the growing media. They convert the ammonia present in the fish waste into nitrites, then into nitrates and the solids into vermicompost that serves are food for the plants. By combining both aquaculture and hydroponics, aquaponics capitalizes on the benefits of both and eliminates the downsides associated with them. Implementing aquaponics systems to improve agriculture
in the aquaponics system is the participation of microbes (nitrifying bacteria) and composting red worms that flourish in the growing media. They convert the ammonia present in the fish waste into nitrites, then into nitrates and the solids into vermicompost that serves are food for the plants. By combining
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. RESEARCH BACKGROUND Okra , Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench is a economically well-known vegetable grown in tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. Okra has relatively large area under cultivation in Africa and Asia with immense socioeconomic potential ( Kumar et.al.,2010). In Malaysia, there is a need to cultivate okra seed on a large scale to meet the growing demand of vegetable in the market (Singh et al., 2014). In 2013, the total world area under cultivation
Use of Panchgavya (term used to describe five major substances obtained from cow that include: cow's urine, milk, ghee, curd and dung) and its products is gaining popularity day-by-day. Panchgavya Therapy/Chikitsa (Cowpathy) has been proposed as an alternate prophylactic and therapeutic approach for sound livestock and poultry health along with safeguarding human health. Its antimicrobial properties have gained the attention of the medical and veterinary professionals. Copper is capable of destroying