The purpose of this memorandum is to explain the flexible budget variances and how to interpret the information and the recommendation in what action to take. Attached is a flexible budget to show the revenue expected and the expenditure allowed for the actual number of units that were produced and sold. To see the comparison between the flexible budget and the actual revenue and expenditures helps to tell the difference from the original productivity. IMPORTANCE OF FLEXIBLE BUDGET A flexible
Set 2 Questions Variances Reporting Nurse leaders must have a thorough understanding of variance reporting because these reports provide information about the differences between an actual budget and a forecasted budget (Finkler, Jones & Krover, 2013). A nurse leader can use data gathered from these reports to better understand budgetary deficiencies, hence allowing him or her to develop more accurate budget forecasts in the future. Variance reports can also help a nurse leader identify the causes
The purpose of this memorandum is to present our findings after performing a variance analysis for the year of 2017. We will highlight variances in detail and provide suggested actions for the future. Concerning revenue, our company was over budget. This result could be attributed to the unfavorable variances that occurred. Beginning with our unfavorable sales volume variance, the company sold less quantities of salsa than forecasted. This could be due to a lack of or poor advertising, which did
Mean-variance optimization was originally proposed by Markowitz in 1952, and it was not embraced by institutional investors until the mid-1970s to structure portfolios. This came as a result when Congress enacted ERISA, which imposed fiduciary liability on the stewards of pension assets for the first time in the history of America. In early 1972 through the end of 1974, the U.S. stock market was losing so much in real terms and investors were looking for better ways to manage risk and to avoid
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a combination of statistical techniques in which a variance in a certain variable is divided into parts characteristic to various sources of variation. ANOVA provides a statistical evaluation of whether or not the ways of several congregates is equal and generalizes t-test of more than two groups. This technique is usually beneficial in comparing two, three, or more means of given tests, which can help businesses to identify trends.
The Markowitz Portfolio Theory Theory and Applications Shafin Shabir Naik AAA1325 Contents Introduction Portfolio Expected Value and Variance Diversification Mean Variance Optimization Efficient Frontier Efficient Frontier in Excel Bibliography Introduction People invest with the aim of earning returns on their investments. But these returns are uncertain which creates an element of risk for the investors. Nevertheless, investor is also interested in the total return and
Part B Variance analysis is the quantitative investigation of the difference between actual and planned behavior. (Drury, C., 2012) It is used to maintain business control. Firstly, this essay will make an analysis that the reason of variance of sales, materials, labor and overhead separately, and the second part is the interrelationship between these variances. 1. Sales Variance Sales volume variance is the difference between the budgeted and standard quantity multiplied by standard margin. (Collier
Part B Variance analysis is the quantitative investigation of the difference between actual and planned behavior. (Drury, C.,2012 ) It is used to maintain business control. Firstly, this essay will make an analysis that the reason of variance of sales, materials, labor and overhead separately, and the second part is the interrelationship between these variances. 1.Sales Variance Sales volume variance is the difference between the budgeted and standard quantity multiplied by standard margin. ( Collier
budgeting process consists of two components forecasting the budget and maintaining the budget (Clark, 2005). In the budgeting process, the manager 's responsibilities include accountability, analyzing variances and managing expenses. When the actual budget differs from the forecasted budget, a variance has occurred and needs to be examined further. Budgets can be used in the both the internal and external benchmarking process to see how the organization is performing compared to similar organizations
analysis performed in purpose of reducing the dimensionality of a multivariate data set in order to recognize the shape or pattern of that data set. In other words, PCA is a powerful technique for pattern recognition that attempts to explain the variance of a large set of inter-correlated variables. It indicates the association between variables, thus, reducing the dimensionality of the data set. (Helena et al, 2000; Wunderlin et al, 2001; Singh et al, 2004) Principal components seek to transform
Equipment Downtime and Lost Time Incidents For many years, Aerojet Maintenance has struggled with worker injuries and lost time or time away from work associated with those injuries. In addition to the lost time issue, machinery breakdowns and obsolete and antiquated machinery are major problems that the maintenance department has to contend with on a daily basis. On initial review, there appeared to be a connection between when employees sustained work-associated injuries and when a piece or pieces
assumption of CAPM model are not match with real market condition, it cannot explain the pricing of capital assets comprehensively. There are large number of empirical studies have show that, the CAPM model is incompleted, because CAPM assume that variance of β is the only factor can affect the future rate of return. However, there are other factors that influnce the pricing of capital assets are emerging, such as book value, market price ratio and so on. Among them, CAPM was seriously called into
Project 1 The winter sport of skiing and snowboarding has a huge market base in South Lake Tahoe, California. Tahoe locals and tourists from all over the world come to South Lake Tahoe to ski/snowboard at their ski resorts. Visitors range from toddlers to elders, which makes the ski resorts very family friendly. Heavenly and Sierra at Tahoe are the main ski resorts in South Lake Tahoe, and they are always looking for ways to make their resorts better. Both Sierra at Tahoe and Heavenly are interested
Standard Deviation: 6.110100927 Standard Deviation: 4.352011029 Variances: 37.33333333 Variances: 18.94 SOURCE: http://lad.org/issues/News/4/horizon.html; July 11, 2000 STATISTICAL ANALYSISOUTPUT F-Test Two-Sample for Variances Smokers Non-Smokers Mean 11.6 8.76 Standard Deviation 6.110100927 4.352011029 Variance 37.33333333 18.94 Observations 25 25 df 24 24 F 1
curve or normal distribution. The probability density function of a normal (or Gaussian) distribution is defined as Where the parameters μ is the mean or expectation of the distribution σ is the Standard deviation of the distribution σ 2 is the variance of the distribution. And is represented as The normal distribution is very utilizable because of the central limit theorem, which states that, under mild conditions, the mean of many arbitrary variables independently drawn from the same distribution
the ability to bear. Cause and effect and the benefits received criteria are frequently chosen for the vast majority of re... ... middle of paper ... ...ht also be acknowledged when performing variance analysis. Positive and negative correlations are vital in business planning. As an example, variance analysis might reveal that when sales for Iphones rise there is also a rise in the sales for Iphone cases. Solving technical issues with the Mac Note Book might result in sales increases. This information
methods such as OLS. This is because one of the underlying assumptions of OLS is that is a constant and is the basis for measuring volatility. A GARCH(1,1) model is able to model this feature because it estimates a model for , which allows the variance to change over time. C) To test for ARCH effects in the return series, we would start by estimating the return equation using least squares. We would then square the residuals from the return equation and regress the squared residuals on its lags
CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS Coefficient Correlation Analysis The first analysis is by using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) test to measure the relationship of entire variables. The test is to find the function which most closely approximates the data. Thus, in general terms, it is an approach to fitting a model to the observed data. The details information regarding the variables is shown in table 4.1 and table 4.2 shows the least square test that measures all the variables. Variables Description LGP
This paper is an illustration of quantitative data analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics software. It does not provide the details of technical skill to operate SPSS but focuses on developing a set of decisions and actions in order to set up, describe, manipulate and analyse data in the specific context of the study of Jackson and Mullarkey (2000). In order to fulfil the task, this paper illustrates a step-by-step of actions that were made on the data. It also gives the insight into the determination
where the researcher used mean, standard deviation and variance to get an idea on how the respondents reacted to the items in the questionnaire. The major concern of descriptive statistics is to present information in a convenient, usable and understandable form (Runyon & Audry, 1980). Descriptive summary, including frequency and descriptive, was used to screen the data set. Among basic statistics to use were mean, median, mode, sum, variance, range, minimum, maximum, skewness and kurtosis. 3. Inferential