the major flow obstructions in the core, spacer grids have been found to affect the coolant flow hydrodynamics and heat transfer characteristics. There have been studies in regards to a single phase coolant traveling along the fuel rods and through the spacer grids; Mizutani et al (2007), Zhang (2008), however there is a need for enhanced information of what occurs when two phases travel through the spacer grid. Under certain conditions, the coolant may become a mixture of two phases along the rod
registered users called Yelpers from all over the world, and got a monthly average of 117 million unique visitors in Q3 2013 (Yelp.com, 2013). Here in this essay, Yelp.com, as a case study, will be analysed by two main Theories of ‘Limited Effect theory’: ‘Use and Gratification Theory’ and ‘Two-step Flow Theory’. Some personal experiences of the author as a Yelper will also be found in this essay to illustrate the theory. Different from Hypodermic needle model (Williams, 2003:174-178) or other early opinions
3.5.3 Fanning Friction Factor (fw) Determination The fanning friction factor, fw is a function of the flow Reynolds’ number. It is required for calculating the contribution of frictional force to the momentum equation (equation (3.28)). In the developed UCL model, the Chen (Chen, 1979) correlation is employed for the calculation of the fanning friction factor for transition and turbulent flows in rough pipes. It is given by: 1/√(f_w )=3.48-1.7372 ln[ε/r_in -16.2446/Re lnA ]
Abstract: The existing solutions of Navier–Stokes and energy equations in the literature regarding the problem of stagnation-point flow of a dusty fluid over a stretching sheet are only for the case of two dimensional. In this research, the steady axisymmetric three–dimensional stagnation point flow of a dusty fluid towards a stretching sheet is investigated. The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by presentation a similarity solution and then are solved numerically
in which the phase image is used to determine the ridges and minutiae. The phase image contains two parts: the continuous phase and the spiral phase (which corresponds to the minutiae). In [4], the authors propose to incorporate a piecewise planar model for the continuous phase reconstruction. This model predicts the continuous phase block by block based on the gradient of the continuous phase. The fingerprint is reconstructed by combining the continuous phase and the spiral phase, which has a good
patent life. The FDA approval process is a 3 phase process and is designed to test the efficacy and safety of Davanrik. Phase I will take 2 years and consist of administering Davanrik to 20-80 people to determine if it’s safe enough to continue to Phase II. Phase II (2 ... ... middle of paper ... ...25M since the Phase I and II costs are now sunk costs and not considered in determining financial impacts and probability of the deferred path for Phase III weight loss trials. Milestone payments and
needed in order to understand the complicated science behind volcanoes. Background Formation Volcanoes vary in shape, size, and type. Likewise, volcanoes have varied eruption styles, from beautiful fiery displays of explosive lava to pyroclastic flows of hot gases and ash. A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s surface where magma has erupted or poured through, generally resulting in hills or mountains (Abbott, 2014). This natural phenomenon has spawned a field of science known as volcanology
analysis in active pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) or in the formulation, HPLC is the most important analytical tool. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a one of the form of column chromatography that pumps solvent (called as mobile phase) and carried sample mixture or analyte into the column has chromatographic
dissolved in a fluid which called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material known as the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture transport at different velocities, causing them to separate. The separation is mainly based on differential partitioning between the mobile and it’s stationary phases. Subtle differences in a compound's partition coefficient result in differential retention time on the stationary phase and thus changing the separation (Tomer
An organic solvent or a mixture of solvents (the eluent) flows down through the column. Components of the sample separate from each other by partitioning between the stationary packing material (silica or alumina) and the mobile eluent. Molecules with different polarity partition to different extents, and therefore
1.4.1.3 Instrumentation of HPLC (Fig 1 F5) 1 Extremely precise gradient mixer (optional). 2 HPLC high pressure pumps with very constant flow. 3 Unique high accuracy, low dispersion, HPLC sample valves. 4 Very high efficiency HPLC columns with inert packing materials. 5 High sensitivity low dispersion HPLC detectors. 6 High-speed data acquisition systems. 7 Low dispersion connecting tubes for valve to column and column to detector Fig 1 F5 Schematic Diagram of HPLC instrument HPLC
Petroleum Engineers. The productivity index of a well is a measure of the production rate achievable under a given drawdown pressure, which is the difference between the average reservoir pressure and the flowing bottom hole pressure. Defined as the flow rate per unit pressure drop, the productivity index gives an indication of the production potential of a well. From the bpss equation above: Therefore: From a reservoir point of view, well management
of a mixture. They are carried out by mixing two immiscible liquids containing certain solutes together in a separatory funnel, allowing them to separate, then extracting the distinct layers that form. The ratio of the concentration of solute present in the upper layer to the concentration in the lower layer is called the partition coefficient. The efficiency of a separation is described by this partition coefficient. If the coefficients for the two layers are largely different, then the separation
Heat Exchangers 5.1 Introduction Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat between two or more fluid streams at different temperatures. Heat exchangers find widespread use in power generation, chemical processing, electronics cooling, air-conditioning, refrigeration, and automotive applications. In this chapter we will examine the basic theory of heat exchangers and consider many applications. In addition, we will examine various aspects of heat exchanger design and analysis. 5.2 Heat Exchanger
Liquid Liquid Extraction We were asked to extract benzoic acid from a kerosene-benzoic acid mixture. This was to be done using the stirred liquid-liquid extraction column in the senior laboratory. Fresh water was used as the continuous phase in the extraction. We were asked to measure the benzoic acid concentrations of the feed, raffinate, and extract streams. These measurements were to be made at several different steady-states. The number of theoretical stages and the height of the theoretical
the gas and liquid phases of each material can approach the equilibrium level. A column can have packing or trays, in this columns increase in surface areas can
The three phase induction motor is the most widely used electrical motor. Almost 80% of the mechanical power used by industries is provided by three phase induction motors because of its simple and rugged construction, low cost, good operating characteristics, absence of comutator and good speed regulation. In three phase induction motor the power is transferred from stator to rotor winding through induction. The Induction motor is also called asynchronous motor as it runs at a speed other than the
special chart types that a modeling under various aspects permit. For the modeling of a process models, which combines the activities of the parties a central role play, the modeling offers through activity diagrams. With this, the flow of each individual block phase with the associated activities and results clearly modeled. The exact description of activities with detailed information of its purpose and the resources involved and people can be given in each case in writing to the clarity of the
jazz music in the early 1920s. Jazz was not only influenced by ragtime but was also heavily influenced from the blues of the deep south. Blues originated in the late 19th century and was more of a mellow or melancholy flow style that created a repetitive effect called a groove. These two styles of music, both ragtime and blues, synthesized to create Jazz. In listening to “Tiger Rag” by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band and “Dipper Mouth Blues” by the Creole Jazz Band, it was apparent of the multiple
step is not allowed. Examples of this category of model are Dick and Carey ID, Seels and Glasgow ID. While the Non Linear ID models such as (G. Morrison, Ross, & Kemp) and Learner Centered ID model allow flexibility of process flow (Melsom, 2010). Comparing the process flow of these models, the nonlinear categories focus more on learners’ characteristics because of its flexibility that incorporates the learner’s need at every stage of the development. The essence of designing a learning system is