Armenian Question and The Unites States mandatory Issue over Armenia INTRODUCTION The Berlin Treaty, which was signed in 1878 between the Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany and Italy, revised the Treaty of San Stefano in the same year, was the turning point for Armenian Question and Eastern Question. As a result of this treaty, the situation in the Balkans was settled to a large extent by the European Powers in accordance with their interest. However
The lives and prosperity of millions of people depend on peace and, in turn, peace depends on treaties - fragile documents that must do more than end wars. Negotiations and peace treaties may lead to decades of cooperation during which disputes between nations are resolved without military action and economic cost, or may prolong or even intensify the grievances which provoked conflict in the first place. In 1996, as Canada and the United States celebrated their mutual boundary as the longest undefended
was given the name Ataturk in 1934 when surnames in Turkey were first introduced and like the meaning of his name ‘Ataturk’ he was the credited founder of the Republic of Turkey. The fall of the great Ottoman Empire was officially marked with the Treaty of Severes. The victors, Britain and France began dividing the Middle East as mandates thus, “the Arab dream had been shattered” (Goldschmidt 33) as the goals of the previous caliphs of the Ottoman Empire to achieve a single Pan-Islamic state was
de-stabilising their governments. Victory or defeat in wars also affected the outcome of any treaties that may have followed. These treaties were crucial factors in determining a country's power, as a poor outcome in a major treaty could destroy a country, leaving it small and weak. The impact of treaties on the powers was particularly shown by Germany's outcome of the Treaty of Versailles following World War 1. The Treaty left Germany with a small, useless military, very little money and a small empire
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (March 12, 1881 - November 10, 1938), Turkish soldier and statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. He was born in the Ottoman city of Selânik (now Thessaloniki in Greece), where his birthplace is the Turkish Consulate and is also preserved as a museum. In accordance with the then prevalent Turkish custom, he was given the single name Mustafa. His father, Ali Riza (Efendi) was a customs officer who died when Mustafa was a child, his mother was
Turkish War of Independence started with the first bullet shot at enemy on 15 May 1919 during the Gerek occupation of Ýzmir. The fight against the victors of the First World War who had divided up the Ottoman Empire with the Treaty of Sevres signed on 10 August 1920, initially started with the militia forces called Kuva-yi Milliye. Turkish Assembly later initiated a regular army and achieving integration between the army and the militia, was able to conclude the war in victory. The significant stages
is the Treaty of Versailles? The Treaty of Versailles was the treaty that ended World War I (WWI). It did fulfill it’s purpose for a time, however The Treaty of Versailles may have been what caused World War II (WWII). The treaty wasn’t well thought out due to the amount of loopholes, and it wasn’t enforced. It was also extremely harsh on the Germans. This treaty put them in severe debt. It also made their army a fraction of what it was before. The Germans also never agreed to the treaty. This angered
prompted the Turkish War of Independence. This led to the creation of the Turkish National Movement under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, a military commander. The goal of the Turkish National Movement was to reject the terms of the Treaty of Sevres, which was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies. Following the end of the war in 1922 the Allied forces were removed from the country. In November 1922 Turkey abolished foreign rule and became an Independent country. The initial government
Conflict between Kurds and Turkish Forces "I would not wish on anyone what I went through that day." This is what a Kurdish man said in a Turkish courtroom in October 2003. This was the common testimony among many Kurds that took the stand on a trail against Turkish forces. Hundreds of thousands of Kurds were displaced from their homes and then the villages were burned by the Turkish military. Finally in 2003 the Turkish government is
countries were going to face consequences that happen from every war. Some countries were hurt worse than others. With all these countries involved in the war many treaties were created to keep the peace and numerous countries’ economies suffered. World War I led to consequences including economic consequences, the creation of peace treaties, and the creation of the League of Nations. Whenever there is a war, it generally follows with economic consequences for those involved. In 1918, there were protests
ottoman sultan and kept occurring till the end of the empire. In addition, commerce and trade project of the red sea did not accomplish and Ottoman was forced to rely on their Tatars allies. Along with continuous wars such as, world war 1 in 1918, treaty of sèvres in 1920 that brought conflict between the triple allied Powers and Turkey (see figure2). It imposed that Ottoman empire should be cut off and divided. Manifesting a revolution by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( see figure3) all contributed in the
Ottoman Empire -Introduction I have chosen to write my paper on the Ottoman Empire. I chose the Ottoman Empire because I have heard about them a few times but didn't know much about them. All I knew was that they were Muslim and had conquered Constantinople and Egypt at some point. Most people also have heard of the exotic harems and the later banned act of, open succession. -Birth of the Ottomans The Ottoman empire originated in about 1300AD by a man named Osman I, a nomadic Turkish chief
Because of a treaty that the Ottoman government signed, the genocide should have ended in 1920. The treaty of Sevres was written to end the slaughter of the Greeks, Armenians, and Assyrians. The treaty also made the Ottomans accept Armenia as its own independent nation, as well as limiting the Ottoman military. They also had to relinquished control over the
FOUNDER AND THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE TURKISH REPUBLIC Atatürk was born in 1881 at the Kocakasım ward of Salonika, in a three story pink house located on Islahhane Street. His father is Ali Rıza Efendi and his mother Zübeyde Hanım. His paternal grandfather, Hafız Ahmed Efendi belonged to the Kocacık nomads who were settled in Macedonia during the XIV - XV th centuries. His mother Zübeyde Hanım was the daughter of an Old Turkish family who had settled in the town of Langasa near Salonika. Ali
The term “Al-Anfal” means “spoils of war.” It is also the name of the eighth chapter in the Quran, and in that chapter is a story depicting the glory of destroying an enemy’s land. The Iraqi regime referenced this story, and even gave the name to the series of attacks, to justify the genocide that took place against the Kurdish people. During the 1980s, Iraq and Iran had constant tension between them, due to territorial and governmental disputes. The leader of the Iraqi government, Saddam Hussein
Nationalism a strong ideology that says the interest of one nation is superior to the other, and what holds them together is the belief to form independence in their culture and ethnicity. In the Balkans and Middle East religion is the most important element to establish a nation. Moreover, a nation is not a natural thing but created through nationalism. The main objectives to form nationalism is to gain independence, to become modern and then to develop a positive identity. Recent development
establish such a state were crushed by the larger and more powerful countries in the region after both world wars. When the Ottoman Empire collapsed after World War I, the Kurds were promised their own independent nation under the Treaty of Sevres. In 1923 however, the treaty was broken allowing Turkey to maintain its status and not allowing the Kurdish people to have a nation to call their own. The end of the Gulf war, Iran-Iraq war, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the end of the cold war has
among all religions, decentralized the government, and helped to make the millets more a... ... middle of paper ... ...and military restrictions were implemented. Armenia, and various other independent states were established as a result of the treaty. The empire lost about 80 percent of its original landmass, and eventually declined and fell entirely. At one time, the reforms made by the Young Turks worked well, but only for a short time. Overthrowing the tyranny of Hamid should have been enough
territory in Europe, including Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Albania. The Ottoman Empire finally collapsed post World War I due to major internal corruption and problems with leadership, and was officially abolished with the signing of the Treaty of Sevres — the peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies.
Throughout history, the middle east has often been the focus of news reporters. A middle eastern country that has not been exempt from this, is Turkey. Turkey has not only been a focus, but it also has had a very long, complicated history. The history of turkey is a very long and detailed one. Turkey was originally settled by groups of farmers probably thousands of years ago. Today, historians call these people the Hittites. During their time, the Hittites were ruled by kings, and had their high