the sun emits most of its radiation in the visible range which our eyes recognize as the color of rainbow. b. Law of reflection The law of reflection states that when a ray of light strikes a plane mirror, the light ray is reflected off the mirror as such that the angle of reflection is equal to incidence angle. The diagram below illustrates the law. Figure 2: angle of reflection=angle of incidence In the diagram, the light approaching the mirror is the incident ray and the light leaving the mirror
History Of all the pioneers of this industry, none stand out as the primary leader of discovery or development. This competitive environment was an integral part of this field's progress. Not all discoveries were harbored as proprietary. There was a great deal of information that flowed amongst the leading scientists developing this technology. Here are some of the key players and some of their contributions: Claude Chappe, French Engineer invented the Optical Telegraph, which used a series
(m) or if the wave is travelling through a vacuum: c=fλ where c = speed of light (ms-1) f = frequency (Hertz) λ = wavelength (m) Law of Reflection: When a ray of light is bounced or reflected off of a plane surface, there is a specific law that can be used to predict the angle at which it is reflected off of the surface. This is known as the ‘Law of Reflection’ and it states: “… the incident ray, the reflected ray, and th... ... middle of paper ... ...development. Within the various applications
LAW OF REFLECTION When a light ray strikes a plane mirror it changes its direction which is known as “reflection”. The light ray, which strikes the mirror, is known as “incident ray” and the ray after reflection is known as “reflected ray”. The perpendicular line which bisects the incident ray and reflected ray is called normal drawn to the point of intersection. The incident ray, reflected and the normal drawn to the point of intersection lie on the same plane. (Fig 1) When the light reflects
Surface plasmon resonance sensor is a promising optical sensor. In 1902, Wood discovered that there are loss of small area in the spectrum after the light beam passed through a grating[4]. This discovery has been intensified by many researchers. Until 1971, Kretschmann used a prism as a substrate and covered its bottom with thick metal film to achieve SPR detection [5]. Thereafter, SPR technology achieved great development. According to Liu and his colleagues in 2013, this prism based SPR sensor
a once (but no longer) labour-intensive process. Fibre Optic Bundles If light enters the end of a solid glass rod so that the light transmitted into the rod strikes the side of the rod at an angle O, exceeding the critical angle, then total internal reflection occurs. The light continues to be internally reflected back and forth in its passage along the rod, and it emerges from the other end with very little loss of intensity. This is the principle in fibre optics of which long glass fibres of
Refraction of Light Aim: To find a relationship between the angles of incidence and the angles of refraction by obtaining a set of readings for the angles of incidence and refraction as a light ray passes from air into perspex. Introduction: Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where it's speed is different. The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray toward the normal to the boundary between the two media
Investigating Refraction Aim: Find the critical angle and refractive index for plastic using a graphical treatment for my results. Introduction: The Refractive Index is how the much a material bends the light. In this experiment I will be looking at the how much the angle of incidence gets refracted and I will multiply my results by sine. I will plot a graph from my results and, using a line of best fit, I will calculate the size of the angle of incidence in order for the refracted angle
Finding out the Speed of Light Through Perspex Aim To find out the speed of light through Perspex by passing a narrow ray of light through a D-Block of Perspex, by using the same concepts and ideas as Snell's Law. Background Light is an electromagnetic wave. The speed of light depends on the medium through which it propagates: it goes fastest in a vacuum, almost as fast in air but considerably slower in glass. Because of the special role it plays in many parts of physics, the speed
wave of light travels from one medium to another the direction is changed. Refraction is caused by the change in speed experienced by a wave when it changes medium. A wave doesn't just stop when it reaches the end of a medium there will be some reflection off the boundary and some transmission into the new medium. The wave undergoes refraction as it approaches the medium. This can be demonstrated by shining a beam of light through a block of rectangular glass. Refraction also causes the wave
The lens material used in high index eyeglasses bends light more efficiently than standard lens materials. This means that high index lenses require less material to do its job of correcting your vision, and results in thinner and therefore lighter lenses. However, this light bending property also comes with a less desirable one: high index lenses reflect more light than ordinary lens materials. Perhaps you might wonder what difference a little reflected light is going to make and whether it is
Plane Mirror Reflection The most familiar mirror of all reflecting surfaces is the plane mirror. Visible light radiation is reflected through its making, which normally is consisted of a planar or flat piece of glass, on which a silver coating is placed which produces a reflection of the visible light radiation. The motion of this radiation, is inevitably, quite unique. Its motion is like a wave in nature, but it can be broken down by drawing rays that demonstrates the direction of the wave propagation
Atmospheric Optics Light is all around us, from both natural and artificial sources, during the day and the night. We think we understand it, and that what we see by it is an exact representation of what we are looking at. However we can be mistaken; the setting sun seen on the horizon has in fact already dropped below the horizon. Twinkling stars are also an effect of this same process, called refraction. Light passing through a medium such as air or water can be absorbed and scattered by the
Refraction Refraction is what happens to light when it passes from one medium to another. For example, things appear differently from the bottom of a swimming pool than on the top. Simplistically, refraction is the bending of light. The explanation for this phenomenon, however, can be described with light as rays and light as waves. No matter the case, it is important to remember that the speed of light is constant in every homogeneous medium, regardless of shape, size or form. The index of
if the rays enter and leave a prism at right angles (Assuming the rays only travels through one medium while passing through the prism), the only effect on the image will be the reflection of the rays off of its surfaces. Since the law of reflection I= -I’ (Angle of incidence equals the negative of the angle of reflection) is not effected by the medium, the effect of the prism will be same as that of reflective surfaces or mirrors placed in the same location as the reflective surfaces of the prism
Investigating What Factors Affect Reflection Prediction: The angle of incidence is proportional to the angle of Refraction. Angle I Angle r 10 6 20 14 30 21 40 28 50 34 60 39 70 44 80 47 Results: Angle I Angle r 10 8 20 15 30 20 40 28 50 33 60 38 70 42 80 47 Averages of both results: Angle I ======= Angle r 10 7 20 14.5 30 20.5 40 28 50 33
Nanophotonics is the study of the effects of light at the nano-scale. This course on nanophotonics coupled with my previous courses on nanoscale circuit fabrication has taught me a great deal about the nano-scale and nano-electronics. Described in this paper are the uses of several nanophotonic principles which allow us to make and measure in scales never before possible. The first topic, plasmonics, is a physical phenomenon that allows us to measure small changes in thicknesses and also to see well
While studying for the second test, in order to gain a better understanding of transmission, absorption, and reflection, we came across a simulation that involved gummy bears that displayed these concepts using refraction. This sparked our curiosity around Jello and proved to be a valuable learning tool for our group. We therefore thought that this experiment would be a great opportunity to further aid in our learning and supplement experiments on refraction and lenses that we conducted in class
What is a refractometer and what are the uses? A refractometer is an optical device that is used to measure the optical density or refractive index of a substance. Refractive index is a dimensionless number that describes how light, or any other radiation is bent as it moves through a medium. It is the ratio of light’s velocity in a vacuum (n=1) to its velocity in the sample. The greater the increase in optical density or refractive index, the greater the speed of light is reduced in a solid, gas
questions about it are yet to be pondered, and most existing ones require technology beyond your and my reach to answer. But we can prove something without much modern tools: manipulation of light. Manipulation of light consists of three central keys: reflection, refraction, and absorption. Waves bounce, bend, and soak as an effect of these forms of manipulation. We’ll focus on refraction, the reason how light waves bend. Rays, depending on the material it travels trough, move in a range of speeds. It travels