composed of five stages which each trigger the relaxation or contraction of the atria or ventricles and direction of blood flow. Elaborate: The cardiac cycle of the heart is divided into diastole and systole stages. Diastole refers to the period of relaxation experienced by the atria and ventricles. Systole is the contraction of the atria and ventricles. The pattern of blood flow starts in the left atrium to right atrium then into the left ventricle and right ventricle. During its course, blood flows
about 70 times per minute. Systoles, diastoles, and blood pressure all are the main components of what make a cardiac cycle occur. In order for blood to move through our body it must be pushed, this is what the systoles do, they are the contractions the heart makes to push the blood through the veins and arteries. Every systole takes about .3 seconds, making it the faster of the two processes. There are two types of systoles that occur in our heart, the atrial systoles
The Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, blood vessels and the blood and its main functions include the transportation of blood around the body, protection from invading microorganisms and to prevent blood loss through haemostasis. (Widamaier, et al 2011:5) One of the main organs of the cardiovascular system is the heart; the heart is made up of four chambers. The blood enters the right atrium of the heart from body through the venae cavae, it then travels though
The phase of relaxation “diastole” and the phase of contraction “systole”. Since the human heart has four channels there is atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular systole, and ventricular diastole. The cardiac cycle is described by the heart rate which is expressed as beats per minute. This cycle consists of four stages: Inflow phase, Isovolumetric contraction, outflow
Pericardial tamponade is an outcome resulting from fluid buildup in the pericardial space of the heart. Cardiac afterload is the resistance that the ventricles of the heart must overcome to be able to push blood from the ventricle chambers during systole. Reduction in the contraction is caused by the increase resistance from the blood vessels and vessel walls. This resistance results in an increase in cardiac afterload. When a patient has hypertension or an increase in age which causes the arteries
heard through a stethoscope on the chest wall, "lab" "dap". The first sound can be described as soft, but resonant, and longer then the second one. This sound is associated with the closure of AV valves (atrioventricular valves) at the beginning of systole. The second sound is louder and sharp. It is associated with closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves (semilunar valves) at the beginning of diastole. There is a pause between the each set of sounds. It is a period of total heat relaxation called
The Circulatory System The circulatory system in anatomy and physiology is the course taken by the blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins and back to the heart. In humans and the higher vertebrates, the heart is made up of four chambers the right and left auricles, or atria, and the right and left ventricles. The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood from the cells of the body back to the lungs for new oxygen; the left side of the heart receives blood rich in oxygen from the
Abstract:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary defines the heart as "the viscus of cardiac muscle that maintains the circulation of the blood". It is divided into four cavities; two atria and two ventricles. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. From there the blood passes to the left ventricle, which forces it via the aorta, through the arteries to supply the tissues of the body. The right atrium receives the blood after it has passed through the tissues and has given up much
Energy means, it is the capacity to do work. Energy metabolism is the process through which energy is produced and transformed. Food gives the energy source. We need energy to move our body muscles to do the activities. The role of energy in the body is to drag the oxygen from the air and diffuses into our blood stream. Energy is needed to circulate the blood and also for breathing and taking in oxygen. Now I am going to explain the physiology of the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system
Our heart is encircled by blood vessels. These blood vessels are called coronary arteries. They originate in the aorta and supply the heart muscle with oxygen rich blood. Coronary arteries consist of Right Coronary Artery, that branches into Marginal RCA and Posterior Descending Artery, and Left Main Coronary Artery, which branches into Left Circumflex, Marginal LCA and Left Anterior Descending Artery. In order for the heart to function properly the coronary arteries should be constantly supplying
1.2 & 1.3 Explain The Cardiac Cycle And Describe How The Heart Rate Is Modified According To The Needs Of The Body When a muscle contracts and relaxes without receiving signals from nerves it is known as myogenic. In the human body, the cardiac muscle is myogenic as this configuration of contractions controls the heartbeat. Within the wall of the right atrium is the sino-atrial node (SAN), which is where the process of the heartbeat begins. It directs consistent waves of electrical activity to the
transport system of arteries, veins and capillaries. If blood is the body’s fuel, the heart is its engine. When the heart is relaxed it is called diastole - the resting phase of the heart and when the ventricles of the heart contract, it is called systole - the working phase of the heart. The blood circulation is two closed systems. The Pulmonary Circulation – is the transport of blood from the heart to the lungs and back again. In this circulation (this is the only time one will see an artery carrying
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a widely practiced intervention used to treat psychiatric disorders in specific groups of mental health patients.(1-3) A small electrical current is applied via electrodes attached to the patients head to induce a generalised cerebral seizure whilst the patient is sedated under a general anaesthetic.(4) The induction of seizures to treat psychiatric disorders originated from the historical observation that schizophrenic patients improved temporarily after a spontaneous
Pulmonary circuits take the blood (that has no oxygen) from the heart to the lungs. The blood travels through the veins [systemic], to the vena cava and the right atrium. From the right atrium, it travels to the right ventricle and out to the pulmonary arteries. From here the blood picks up oxygen and drops off the carbon dioxide. Systemic circuits take the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The blood travels back into the pulmonary arteries. From there the blood moves from the arteries
One of the most important systems in the body, keeping it alive, is the cardiovascular system. As a part of the circulatory system, the cardiovascular system pumps blood throughout the body through a network of many arteries and veins, providing it with nutrients and oxygen. Also, the cardiovascular fights infections and disease in the body and creates blood cells. Never the less, blood acts as a filtration system for the body and removes waste, cell debris, or bacteria from the bloodstream. As
The five main types of white blood cells are neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. The most common type of white blood cells are neutrophils. Neutrophils do not live very long, usually only up to 10 hours. They die immediately when a foreign substance is ingested and destroyed. Neutrophils make up 50 to 70% of white blood cells. Until they are alerted to an infection, they are in the bloodstream. They are very quick to responding to infections. Netrophils are granulocytes
things that are occurring in the heart. For example, the P wave occurs when the sinoatrial (SA) node, aka the pacemaker, fires an action potential. This causes the atria, which is currently full of blood, to depolarize and to contract, aka atrial systole. The signal travels from the SA node to the atrioventricular (AV) node during the P-Q segment of the EKG. The AV node purposefully delays
. The layers of the heart wall include epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. Epicardium is the surface of the wall and it’s also called visceral pericardium. It contains serous membrane covering the heart. Myocardium is in the middle of the two layers it’s described as having a thick muscular layer of the heart. It serves as having contractions of the heart as well in containing fibrous skeleton in networking of collagenous and elastic fibers. Some of the functions are providing structural support
1.1 Introduction to Photoplethysmography Heart, the key organ of the circulatory system, supplies blood to body parts by rhythmic contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) – the heartbeat. Heart rate is the number of beats per minute (BPM) is an important vital signs measurement for cardiovascular health and human’s wellbeing. There are many methods to measure heart rate (or pulse). One simple method is to manually count the pulse by placing finger on Radial pulse (Wrist) or the Carotid pulse
lungs. This process is required for cell function. Each beat of the heart is referred to as the cardiac cycle. When the heart beats, the atria contract simultaneously followed by the ventricles contracting simultaneously, this process is known as systole. The resting phase of the four chambers between beats is referred to as diastole. On average, the heart rate of a healthy adult is 70 beats per minute with an average resting pulse rate of 60-80 BPM. Blood entering arteries causes their walls to