Muslim. The struggle for an independent state for the Muslim stood for years and they had to face many difficulties through the years. There were many important events which had a significance on the creation of Pakistan. Two nation theory Sir Syed Ahmed khan was the first Muslim leader who used the term nation for the Muslim of the sub-continent because of their separate religious entity, distinct civilization, philosophy, culture, moral values and concept of economy which oppose each other. Many
Shah Waliullah’s renaissance movement was aimed at political, social, economical and spiritual regeneration of Muslim society. However, to bring these reforms, he had to alter the approach and intellectual life of Muslim. Because after the departure of Aurangzeb, Indian Muslims were adversely affected they lost the glory of their rule. Need of intellectual reorientation of Muslims. Muslims were indulged into immoral, Hindu practices. They had become ignorant of Islamic teachings. Furthermore
Muslim. The struggle for an independent state for the Muslim stood for years and they had to face many difficulties through the years. There were many important events which had a significance on the creation of Pakistan. Two nation theory Sir Syed Ahmed khan was the first Muslim leader who used the term nation for the Muslim of the sub-continent because of their separate religious entity, distinct civilization, philosophy, culture, moral values and concept of economy which oppose each other. Many
The difference between hindu and muslim was pointed out first time by Alberoni : the historian in his travel noted when he visited india with mehmood ghaznavi he writes: “Hindu are different from the muslim in all respects. They (hindus) hate every nation (muslim)who do not accept their belief and call them maleeh(impure) with hatred and avoid every kind of contract with them whether it is intermarriages sitting or eating because they (hindus) think that they will become bhrusht(impure)” It is evident
representation. Since its inception, Congress had shown clear its interest to only safeguard the rights of Hindus. The three key factors which contributed in keeping the Muslims away from the Congress were: 1. The advice and prediction of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan that, “Hindus and Muslims are two different nations who have different ideologies” 2. Hindu protest against the partition of Bengal 3. Hindu revivalists’ aggression towards the Muslims The Muslims stayed devoted to Sir Syed's recommendation
Sufism and Pakistan Sufism: A sufism is “the mystical system of the sufis”. It is defined as, “The substance of Sufism is the Truth and the meaning of Sufism is the selfless experiencing and actualization of the Truth. The practice of Sufism is the intention to go towards the Truth, by means of love and devotion. This is called the tarigat, the spiritual path or way towards God. The sufi is one who is a lover of Truth, who by means of love and devotion moves towards the Truth, towards the perfection
telephone directory which lists current information. The present board members of PTCL who direct the affairs of the company are: Bureaucrat Abu Shamim Arif, Secretary Information Technology and Telecom Division, a flip-flop non-technical man; Zafar Ali Khan, Secretary Privatization Commission; Major General Mohammad Tariq,
in 1939 with the outbreak of the Second World War. Works Cited Collins, Larry, and Dominique Lapierre. Freedom at Midnight. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975. Print. Nehru, Jawaharlal. The Discovery of India. New York: John Day, 1946. Print. Khan, Shafique Ali. Two Nation Theory: As a Concept, Strategy and Ideology. Hyderabad: Markez-i-Shaoor-o-Adab; Sole Agent: Royal Book, Karachi, 1973. Print. Ikram, S. M. Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan, 1858-1951. Lahore: Sh. M. Ashraf, 1965
The Partition of India "A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance." -Jawarhalal Nehru 14 August, 1947, saw the birth of the new Islamic Republic of Pakistan. At midnight the next day India won its freedom from colonial rule, ending nearly 350 years of British presence in India. During the struggle for freedom, Gandhi had written an appeal "To Every Briton" to free their
The partition of India and Pakistan was a time of great turmoil. There was an overwhelming amount of violence and confusion at the time, 1947, when two new countries were born: Hindu-dominated India and Muslim-dominated Pakistan. Although there hadn't been much of any violent altercations between Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs before this time, the partition brought a myriad of difficulties between the three groups with it. Because of the violence and tension between the different religious groups in
learn English and to associate with the British. This was a severe setback for them because the Hindus were then able to hold better positions in the government. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, a social reformer and educator, taught the Muslims that education and cooperation with the British was necessary for their survival in the society. Khan was also the first to come up with the idea of a separate Muslim nation. Hindu revivalists also made the tension stronger between the Muslims and the Hindus. They
329--353. Navlakha, Gautam. "Kashmir: Elusive Solution." Economic and Political Weekly (2004): 4961--4964. Sagan, Scott D. "Why do states build nuclear weapons?: Three models in search of a bomb." International Security 21, no. 3 (1996): 54--86. Sum, Hau Khan, Ravich Moorthy and Guido Benny. "The Genesis of Kashmir Dispute." Asian Social Science 9, no. 11 (2013): 155. Tremblay, Reeta Chowdhari. "Kashmir's Secessionist Movement Resurfaces: Ethnic Identity, Community Competition, and the State." Asian Survey
Rise and Fall of Global Empires, 1400-2000. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2008. Hong Xiuquan. "Voices from the Heavenly Kingdom." In Meridians Sources in World History., edited by Mark Kishlansky. Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2010. Khan, Syed Ahmed. "The Causes of the Indian Revolt." In Meridians: Sources in World History., edited by Mark Kishlansky, New York: Pearson Learning Solutions, 2010. Metcalf, Thomas. The Aftermath of the Revolt. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
Gandhi’s leadership was unique, strong, and modern, yet he faced many critics who loathed what they viewed as Gandhi’s forced universalism of his ideals. The three main areas of contention with regard to Gandhi’s leadership were: communalism, untouchability and gender issues. These issues were part of a deeper debate on Indian identity and social reform as part of its move towards independence. Most - if not all - leaders of the time were concerned with defining the culture of the (potentially divided)
British colonialism, religious fanatics and Muslim illumination proposed by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (Qurashi, 1967). This helped in redefining the conventional roles of genders in the Muslim society. Equal opportunities for women in all walk of social life was his version of modernity. His worked forcefully helped the Muslim women to come out of their stereotypical role in the society. Under his supervision, Deputy Nazir Ahmed pictured a new image of Muslim women in his novel The Mirror Bride during the
education. The aspects like maintaining purdha, only girl schools and preference of schools that inculcated Islamic ethos were given importance (Hassan and Menon, 2005). Influenced by the secular and modern western education system of the British , Syed Ahmed khan started
Construct validity of Meyer and Allen’s Three Component Model Pages 2 Researchers have studied the construct validity of Meyer and Allen’s (1991) three-component model of commitment along with its measures and found a strong support for the scale. Allen and Meyer (1996) reviewed the model with a revised scale by review of 40 sample and found the same validity. Despite the supportive evidence by validity among 40 samples of Allen and Meyer (1996) scale still some important matters of conceptualization