Introduction 1.1 Supramolecular Chemistry Over the last decades, supramolecular chemistry has been a vigorous, fast-growing and fascinating area of current research in chemistry, physics, materials science and biological processes.refs It is a highly interdisciplinary field with wide-ranging collaborations between chemists, biologists, environmental scientists, engineers, physicists, theoreticians, mathematicians and other researchers. Furthermore, there is an essential aim for supramolecular chemists to
of molecules and their use. An essential subdivision of stereochemistry is the learning of chiral molecules. Stereochemistry is also known as 3D chemistry because the prefix "stereo-" means "three-dimensionality”. The learning of stereochemistry centering on stereoisomers and spans the whole range of organic, inorganic, biological, physical and especially supramolecular chemistry. There is some grandness of stereochemistry. Firstly, is the thalidomide incident. Thalidomide is a medicament drug, first processed
and interesting. A salt bridge is a non-covalent interaction between two ionized sites. It contains two components: a hydrogen bond and an electrostatic interaction (Salt Bridges). The scientific term salt bridge has two different uses in chemistry. The original use is described as an electrically conductive gel union that is between two half-cells of a voltaic cell studied in the field of electrochemistry. The second
The Effect of Concentration on the Rate of Reaction Planning AIM To look at the change in concentration on the rate of reaction BACKGROUND THEORY The rate of reaction tells us how quickly a chemical reaction happens. We can work it out after doing an experiment. We can measure how much reactant is used up in a certain time or how quickly products are formed. We then work out what 1/time taken is and that gives us the rate. The rate of the reaction can be affected by a number
The Effect of Osmosis on Potato Chips Measure the effect of osmosis on potato chips in various concentrations of sugar solution as well as distilled water. Principles Involved ------------------- Osmosis Osmosis is the process by which water passes through a semi permeable membrane from a solution of lower concentration to a solution of higher concentration until both solutions are of equal concentration. Hypothesis ---------- Osmosis will change the mass of the potato
Investigating the Effect of Different Concentrations of Sucrose Solutions on Potato Tiessue Planning For my GCSE biology coursework, I am going to conduct an investigation into the effect of different concentrations of sucrose solutions on potato tissue. Text Box: A measuring cylinder Apparatus =========================================== 18 test tubes [IMAGE][IMAGE] Text Box: 1M sucrose solution [IMAGE]A test tube rack [IMAGE] Cork borer Text Box:
Understanding About the Homogeneous Precipitation Synthesis and thermal analysis of the group 2(IIA) metal oxalate hydrates Objective : 1. To run the synthesis of calcium oxalate via the precipitate from solution containing calcium ion and oxalate ion. 2. To do a thermo gravimetric analysis on calcium oxalate. 3. Understand and practice the method of homogeneous precipitation through this experiment. Introduction Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) is one of the common analytical
The Effect of Different Concentrations of Salt Solution on Potato Tissue My preliminary work involves me preparing for my actual experiment. I will do the experiment and record my findings; however it is merely a practice for the real thing. This will allow me to correct any mistakes that I may make in this task and allow me to change them, if needed, in the forthcoming project. Apparatus list for my preliminary investigation: * Cork borer. * Potato, * Salt solution (0 – 100%
An Experiment to Find Out How Much Gas is Given Off When Hydrochloric Acid and Marble Chips React Aim === The aim of this experiment is to find out how much gas is given off by marble chips when they react with hydrochloric acid. This will tell me if the concentration of hydrochloric acid affects the speed of reaction. Variables ========= I could change: the temperature, the percentage of hydrochloric acid, the number of marble chips, or the size of the marble chips.
Biology Experiment Hypothesis I predict that the potatoes in the solution with high sugar concentration will increase in mass the most, the potatoes in the water with no sugar will lose the most mass. Osmosis is the movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration across a particularly permeable membrane. The water can move between the potato and the solution but the sugar can’t because the molecules are too big to pass through the membrane. The water will move
The Molecular Formula of Succinic Acid The relative formula mass is the mass of 1 molecule of succinic acid compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12. This is obtained by adding together the relative atomic masses of the atoms within the molecule according to its written formula. However we do not know the exact formula: HOOC(CH )nCOOH Where n is a whole number between 1 and 4 So to calculate the relative formula mass I must use the formula m = n ×Mr
An Analysis and Evaluation of Data from Photosynthesis Experiments Graph analysis This is my analysis for the investigation in to the affect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis to the Canadian pondweed, elodea. In the results the pattern is that when the light intensity is higher the readings are generally higher. On the graph the less the light intensity the lower the gradient of the curve. the equation for the photosynthesis process is; CO2 + 2H2O + Light Energy ========>
Assessed Practical Titration Write-Up Equation: Na2CO3 + H2SO4 à Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O One mol of Na2CO3 reacts with one mol of H2SO4. Results: The weight of my sodium carbonate crystals was 2.67g and the results of the titrations are as follows: Rough 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Initial Reading 00.00 00.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.20 Final Reading 26.45 26.45 26.05 27.00 25.85 25.90 26.10 Titration 26.45 25
Investigate the effects of different concentrations of salt solution on potato cells Introduction Osmosis is the way in which many living things take up water (source: GCSE Biology for You). During osmosis, water moves from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane. This membrane allows water molecules to pass through easily, but does not allow solute molecules to do this. The movement of these water molecules gradually dilutes the solution
Use of Experiments in Natural Sciences and in Sociology Experiments are particularly important in natural sciences as they are the device used to either prove or disprove a hypothesis. Sciences such as chemistry or physiology operate in what is known as closed systems, where all the variables can be controlled. This means therefore that such experiments can be carried out, and effectively. Whereas it may be difficult in physical sciences to control the variables, and in sociology to recreate
John Dallton John Dalton was born in September 5,1766 in Eaglesfield in Cumberland, England. Dalton and his family lived in a small country house. His family had been Quakers since 1690. Quakers where members of a society of friends. John had a brother named Mary and A brother named Charles, when he was born his brother was twelve years old and his sister was two years old. Dalton's birth was not recorded, so when he grew up older he asked one of his relatives and got and answer which was his
DESCRIPTIVE TITLE The Effect of Different Amounts of Sodium Chloride on the displacement of oxygen. INTRODUCTION The dependability of the rate of an enzyme-mediated reaction is based on two factors: the substrate concentration and the concentration and action of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction (Vander, et. al., 2001). Enzymes are catalysts that produce chemical reactions in cells. Enzymes which are large proteins perform a reaction which acts upon a substance known as a substrate. When
Investigate how the Concentration of Sucrose Solution affects the Mass of the Potato Chip Aim To find out how the concentration of sucrose solution affects the mass of the potato chip left in the solution for one day. Water Potential: The water potential of a solution is a measure of whether it is likely to lose or gain water molecules from another solution. A dilute solution, with its high proportion of free water molecules, is said to have higher water potential than a concentrated
Things are very different from each other, and can be broken down into small groups inside itself, which was then noticed early by people, and Greek thinkers, about 400BC. Which just happened to use words like "element', and `atom' to describe the many different parts and even the smallest parts of matter. These ideas were around for over 2000 years while ideas such as `Elements' of Earth, Fire, Air, and Water to explain `world stuff' came and went. Much later, Boyle, an experimenter like Galileo
Chardakov's Banana Experiment Introduction The ability of water molecules to move is known as their water potential. Water molecules always move down a concentration gradient towards a region of lower water potential, that is, to where there are fewer water molecules, to where the water potential is relatively more negative. As the water potential of one solution decreases, the density of the solution increases and as the water potential of a solution increases the density of this