A migraine is a severe, debilitating headache that hosts a large variety of neurological symptoms such as throbbing pain on one or both sides of the head, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, disturbances in vision, numbness in face or extremities, sensitivity to light, sound, smell and touch. An individual experiencing a migraine may suffer from one or many of these symptoms during an attack. Each migraine attack can vary in it's symptoms and severity making it difficult for a correct medical diagnosis
treatment options “far from perfect” and concludes, “Undoubtedly, better treatments are needed.” Filling this therapeutic void is the primary objective of NuPathe Inc. (very recently acquired by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.) with Zecuity®, a sumatriptan iontophoretic transdermal system. The exact mechanism of migraine headaches has not yet been elucidated. Gene studies, combined with the high correlation of family history with migraine susceptibility, give considerable evidence for a significant
PHULWANI DI #4 (SIMULATED): Question : Patient from local jail with a substance abuse history is being treated with sumatriptan injections and ibuprofen tablets. Sumatriptan or any other 5HT-1 agonists are non formulary. What other medications could be used in this patient? SUBJECT : Discussion of therapies other than triptans for treatment of migraine headache in a patient with a substance abuse history. Introduction: Opiates, ergot alkaloids, corticosteroids, dopamine antagonists or NSAIDs and
For the most part, migraines affect women. Men are more likely to get cluster headaches, where the pain is still very bad, but it doesn’t last as long. Yet all told, almost 40 million people suffer from migraines. A few million people experience migraines regularly, and nearly all have to miss work or school when one strikes. Treatment seems to be limited for many, who simply reply on OTC pain relievers. Despite the severity of the condition, only half get a diagnosis. Furthermore, only a quarter
Headaches Headaches are a neurologic disorder that causes pain to any region of the head, scalp, face and neck area. Determination of the type of headache primary or secondary is necessary for proper treatment. A complete history to include age needs to be obtained to include family history, furthermore information on frequency, location, duration, time of day, precipitating factors, related factors, and types of medications used, a must be took in account to identify the specific headache. Factor
extravasation, suggests that plasma proteins in in the brain, specifically the dura, leak out and cause migraine pain. Along with this, there is also excessive trigeminal nerve stimulation and is one function of an approaching migraine episode. Sumatriptan, is a medication that can effectively actually inhibit this process, and unfortunately it was discovered that this was not successful in controlling the pain. Because of this, this theory doesn’t help solve what the actual mechanism of migraine
Pamela (Bornemann) Leonard-Kukorola was born on 07/19/1954 in Stamford, Connecticut, to Wesley and LaVerne Bornemann. Wesley and LaVerne were a married couple, who were married for approximately 40 years before LaVerne passed away. Wesley and LaVerne 5 children. They are Tim Borneman, age 64 and lives in California, Pamela Leonard-Kukorola, age 61 and lives in O'Fallon, Illinois, Danny Bornemann, age 56 and lives in Edwardsville, Illinois, Jeff Bornemann, age 54 lives in Florida, and Eric Bornemann
Gas exchange is defined as the process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from cells (Giddens page 161). Gas exchange in the human body occurs in the lungs and as the primary function of the respiratory system it exchanges two gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The process of gas exchange happens as we breath through ventilation, transport and perfusion. As you inhale oxygen, the oxygen travels deep into the lungs until it reaches the alveoli. Here in the alveoli
Ninety percent of Americans have experienced a headache at some point in their lives. Only four percent of the entire Earth’s population has never experienced a headache. This is not surprising since there are so many different types of headaches. The two major groups of headaches are primary and secondary. The primary headache group consists of Tension Type Headaches, Migraines, and Cluster Headaches. The secondary headache group consists of Cervicogenic Headaches, Posttraumatic Headache Syndrome
The Pathways of Pain In 1931, the French medical missionary Dr. Albert Schweitzer wrote, "Pain is a more terrible lord of mankind than even death itself." Today, pain has become the universal disorder, a serious and costly public health issue, and a challenge for family, friends, and health care providers who must give support to the individual suffering from the physical as well as the emotional consequences of pain (1). Early humans related pain to evil, magic, and demons. Relief of pain
medicines, agrochemicals and dyes. Indole, an important benzo-pyrrole, is the basis of the important protein, tryptophan and has functions as a neurotransmitter in the brain. The neurotransmitter, serotonin, is important in making modern drugs such as sumatriptan which treats migraines.2 Pyrrole synthesis can be achieved by a vast number of methods. Some of the most common processes used in today’s laboratory include the Hantzch pyrrole method, Paal-Knoor Knorr synthesis and the Knoorr synthesis; the
Although America and the rest of the world have progressed in medical science and technology, it seems that many medical conditions are becoming more prevalent in the general population. According to the CDC, mental illnesses have progressed to an all-time high, and over 25% of the American population is affected on an annual basis. Some of these instances are easily treatable and a part of life such as dealing with grief from the loss of a loved one; some may be much more deeply rooted and have