The essential idea is perfectly straightforward: Spacetime is a curved pseudo-Riemannian manifold with a metric signature of (-+++) and the relationship between matter and the curvature of spacetime is contained in the equation R_μν- 1/2 Rg_μν=8πGT_μν (1) This is simply an equation between 4x4 matrices, and the subscripts label elements of each matrix. The expression on the left hand side is a measure of the curvature of spacetime,
History and Philosophy of Science The world of science, as we know it today, is a difficult subject to grasp. So many new ideas are present and these new ideas are not interchangeable. Some parts do work together although as a whole they don’t fully coincide with each other. The three basic ideas that science is now based upon come from Newton, Einstein, and Hawking. I call these ideas/theories “new” based on what I classify the state of the scientific community of today. After looking at what
Mathematical Models of Spacetime in Contemporary Physics and Essential Issues of the Ontology of Spacetime ABSTRACT: The general theory of relativity and field theory of matter generate an interesting ontology of space-time and, generally, of nature. It is a monistic, anti-atomistic and geometrized ontology — in which the substance is the metric field — to which all physical events are reducible. Such ontology refers to the Cartesian definition of corporeality and to Plato's ontology of nature
The first way is that you accelerate away from a location that we will refer to as “at rest”, by accelerating back towards them you have effectively “skipped” a portion of time. This is due to spacetime being in balance so having such a large displacement of space means that time must move slower to balance that. Since the amount of time that has passed for you is less than the amount that passed for the location “at rest”. That now matches our
Leibniz's Theory of Space in the Correspondence with Clarke and the Existence of Vacuums (1) ABSTRACT: It is well known that a central issue in the famous debate between Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Samuel Clarke is the nature of space. They disagreed on the ontological status of space rather than on its geometrical or physical structure. Closely related is the disagreement on the existence of vacuums in nature: while Leibniz denies it, Clarke asserts it. In this paper, I shall focus on Leibniz's
Craig/Kalam’s Cosmological Argument One of the most argued topics throughout human history is whether or not God exists. It is argued frequently because there are several different reasonings and sub arguments in this main argument. People who believe God exists argue how God acts and whether there is one or several. People who do not believe God exists argue how the universe became into existence or if it has just always existed. In this paper, I will describe Craig's argument for
Humans, especially philosophers, often ask the question 'How do we know that everything around us is real?' Skepticism was born from this question and is associated with incredulity. A skeptic is someone who questions things (particularly received opinions) and also practices the suspension of judgment. One of the oldest theories of Skepticism is the brain in a vat fable. The brain in a vat fable states that a disembodied brain is floating in a vat and being controlled in a scientist laboratory.
Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity states all motion must be defined relative to a frame of reference and that space and time are relative. This is the lens through which I choose to see life. When I was nine, I was serendipitously diagnosed with an ultra-rare disease, called Lymphangiomatosis. Overnight, I became a medical anomaly. I was the one in seven million. I was a perfectly healthy kid except for one tiny glitch: my lymphatic system had grown haywire. This single problem turned into
Hypertext and Spatial-Temporal Dimensions missing works cited Hypertext affords the user the ability to make decisions based on where he or she intends or needs to go, and to decide what information or images to process and what to disregard as opposed to what the author intends. The user is free to move around from link to link while constantly making decisions about what he wants to explore and what he deems unnecessary in his search; there is no correct path, rather all paths are relative
Albert Einstein One of the greatest heroes of American(and international) science and culture in the past century has been German physicist Albert Einstein. Born in 1879, Einstein used his early years to educate himself and began to think up his own methods for solving his newly found inquiries into science and higher-level mathematics. In a short time during the beginning of the twentieth century, Einstein pulled together his research and incredible intellect for unprecedented gains in science
Whether Einstein Was a Plagiarist or Not Proponents of Einstein have acted in a way that appears to corrupt the historical record. Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Time Magazine's "Person of the Century", wrote a long treatise on special relativity theory (it was actually called "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", 1905a), without listing any references. Many of the key ideas it presented were known to Lorentz (for example, the Lorentz transformation) and Poincaré before Einstein wrote the famous
Option A – Frame of reference (Topic 2) Introduction The aim of this essay is to discuss how people’s frame of reference may influence their communication with individuals from different cultural backgrounds, with reference to personal and cultural differences in values, beliefs, attitudes and customs, and how these differences may complicate sharing of meaning and cooperation in relationships. Key concepts • Frame of Reference According to (Atherton, 2013) frame of reference is very broad in understanding
The universe is composed of several different properties. These properties include space and time. Space is a three-dimensional representation of everything around us and that we observe, and that occurs. Space allows objects to have lengths left and right, up and down, and forwards and backwards. Time, however, is a bit different. Time is a fourth dimension. We use time as a measurement between events. But, time is much more than that. It isn’t just a tool but it is a necessity of physical existence
Ever since 1966, when the first episode of Star Trek aired, there has been a question lingering in the mind of humans; fans, children, and scientists alike. To some, it is just wishful fantasizing, but to others, it is a goal to pursue and an idea that may not be so far-fetched -- Is it possible for humans to travel at the speed of light? If so, why should humans attempt this and will they? If not, what are some of the limitations of travel at the speed of light and are researchers trying to resolve
“One thing I have learned in a long life: that all our science, measured against reality, is primitive and childlike - and yet it is the most precious thing we have”, is one of the most influential and world changing statements said by one of the greatest scientists known to mankind, Albert Einstein (Delano 5). Einstein is a German-born mathematician and physicist who won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1921. His interest in math a science began well around the age of four, but by the time he was thirteen
Adapting to United States’ College Life Everyone has their experience of entering a discourse community, such as attending high school, entering the company and joining organizations. Being a newcomer, we have to work hard so as to get accepted. In ENGL 1301, I have to write a composition on how I successfully joined a discourse community. Therefore, I am going to demonstrate my process of transiting to UTA and prove that I have successfully joined the UTA community in academic and social
Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton were both the sons of farmers. Although Einstein lived in Germany and was Jewish while Newton was Catholic or Christian and lived in England. Albert taught himself geometry while Newton’s family couldn’t even read or write yet. As Newton was growing up one of his closest friend was a young man named Edmund Glaley. Isaac and Albert where both living in the 1600 are in this time period. King George was the king at this time. Einstein hated his school and
Stephen J. Hawking by Rachel Finck Stephen Hawking was born in January of 1942 in Oxford, England. He grew up near London and was educated at Oxford, from which he received his BA in 1962, and Cambridge, where he received his doctorate in theoretical physics. Stephen Hawking is a brilliant and highly productive researcher, and, since 1979, he has held the Lucasian professorship in mathematics at Cambridge, the very chair once held by Isaac Newton. Although still relatively young, Hawking is already
In 1905, Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity was proposed. The reason that it is so "special" is because it was part of the more complex and extensive Theory of General Relativity, which was published in 1915. His theory reshaped the world of physics when it contradicted all previous laws of motion erected by Galileo and Newton. By mathematically manipulating these previous laws of motion, physicists in the nineteenth century were able to explain such phenomena as the flow of the ocean, the orbits
The theory of relativity is the basic theory about space-time continuum and gravitation which was mainly established by the greatest theoretical physicist Albert Einstein. According to the areas it aims to describe, Einstein’s theory of relativity can be classified into special relativity (space-time) and general relativity (gravitation) 1. The theory of relativity, as do quantum mechanics, brought a revolutionary impact on the foundation of modern physics, and thus had an impact on modern technology