solvents such as ethanol was purposed from Decon Laboratories (USA), acetone was purposed from Fisher Chemicals, USA, and isopropanol was purchased from Macron Fine Chemicals, USA. Chloroauric acid, hydrogen chloride, nitric acid, sodium phosphate monobasic, and sodium phosphate bibasic were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. L-ascorbic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA Gold micro wire (~0.01 mm diameter) was purchased
incarnate.3 However, the fact that they found the structure Decker predicted did not mean that his nomenclature would be used to identify the compound. That honor was bestowed upon its discoverers Landa and Machcahcaeck who used the Greek translation of diamond, adamantane, to identify the compound.2 Crude petroleum is separated into its component compounds by fractional distillation. The procedure involves a sample of the petroleum to be heated until the sample is vaporized leaving behind any solid
less likely if it is inhibitory. Neurotransmitters can also produce their effects by modulating the production of other signal-transducing molecules ("second messengers"messengers") in the post-synaptic cells (Cooper, Bloom and Roth 1996). Nine compounds -- belonging to three chemical families -- are generally believed to function as neurotransmitters somewhere in the central nervous system (CNS) or periphery. In addition, certain other body chemicals, for example adenosine, histamine, enkephalins
CARBON Carbon, an element discovered before history itself, is one of the most abundant elements in the universe. It can be found in the sun, the stars, comets, and the atmospheres of most planets. There are close to ten million known carbon compounds, many thousands of which are vital to the basis of life itself (WWW 1). Carbon occurs in many forms in nature. One of its purest forms is diamond. Diamond is the hardest substance known on earth. Although diamonds found in nature are colorless and
chemist, improved Oersted's process by using metallic potassium. He was the first to measure the specific gravity of aluminum and show its lightness. In 1854 Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, in France, obtained the metal by reducing aluminum chloride with sodium. Aided by the financial backing of Napoleon III, Deville established a large-scale experimental plant and displayed pure aluminum at the Paris Exposition of 1855. Aluminum is a lightweight, silvery metal. The atomic weight of aluminum is 26.9815;
experiment, we utilized the ability for the iodide ion to become oxidized by the persulphate ion. Our general reaction can be described as: (NH4)2S2O8 + 2KI Ã I2 + (NH4)2SO4 + K2SO4 (1a) However, we know that in an aqueous solution, all of these compounds except iodine will dissociate into their ionic components. Thus we can rewrite the equation in a more convenient manner: S2O82- + 2I- Ã I2 + 2SO42- (1b) It is important however to note that the NH4 and K ions are still in the solution,
physical area or object protecting something. A chemical "buffer" is a mixture of two compounds that protects the pH of a solution from undergoing large changes when small amounts of acid (in the form of hydroxonium ion [H3O+]) or base (in the form of hydroxide ion [OH-]) are added. Buffers usually contain a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. One of the two compounds in a buffering system acts as a proton donor, releasing H+ when pH rises, and the other
test pathway .42g 67% positive negative oxidation of secondary OH Good Things My experiment went well. I began my experiment with .64g of 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol. The molecular weight of this compound is 146.2g/mol. It is converted into 2-ethyl-1-hydroxyhexan-3-one. This compounds molecular weight is 144.2g/mol. This gives a theoretical yield of .63 grams. My actual yield was .42 grams. Therefore, my percent yield was 67%. This was one of my highest yields yet. I felt that this was a
hind legs. The spurs are attached to venom glands that produce a toxic cocktail of at least four different classes of peptides. These four compounds (Hyaluronidase, OvCNP-39, OvNGF, and defensin-like peptides) are highly selective enzymes and polypeptides that work together to inflict excruciating pain and edema that can last for months. The first compound identified, Hyaluronidase, lowers viscosity to allow for a deeper penetration of the venom into tissue. A C-type natriuretic peptide called
Sodium was first discovered and isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1807. Sodium is located in column 1 of the periodic table where all other alkali earth metals, which all of them have only 1 electron which it would happily give to another element that wants it so that it could be “happy” this then creates a positively charge atom also known as a cation. You could also find sodium by knowing its electron configuration which is [Ne] 3s1. Sodium physical properties are that it is silver in color and
Single Replacement is the process of an element reacting with a compound and taking the place of another element. Substance C can take the place of Substance A in the compound of AB. A metal can only replace a metal and a nonmetal can only replace a nonmetal. To predict whether or not the reaction will occur, using an activity series table will help to compare the reactivities
A way to find the percentage of nutrients is by using percent composition. Percent composition is the percent of the total mass of a compound that an element takes up (Texas A&M University, "Chemistry"). To calculate the percent composition of element of a compound, the molar mass of the compound must be found by adding up the masses of each atom in the compound (Texas A&M University, "Chemistry"). This can be done by using a periodic table. Then the mass of the element must be calculated by adding
Sodium (Na) Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass of about 23g. It is a silvery white-metallic element classified under the alkali metals. Sodium has been known since early times and was used by the people of Mesopotamia and Egypt to make glasses. Sodium is the sixth most common element found on the earth. It is usually not found in nature but more often in compounds such as salt (NaCl). Sodium conducts heat and electricity easily. Without this element life could not exist. Each compound
detergents. Soaps and detergents both are surfactants. Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and solid. Soaps and detergents both are able to wash compounds that mix with grease and water. However, there are significant differences between soaps and detergents. Soaps are produced from a natural product, like plants and animals. Detergents are produced by mixtures of chemical compounds. Soap is softer and less harsh on the skin. Detergent can cause
and medicinal purposes. Solutions containing more than about 8 percent hydrogen peroxide are corrosive to the skin. First recognized as a chemical compound in 1818, hydrogen peroxide is the simplest member of the class of s. Of the several processes of manufacture, the principal ones involve reactions of oxygen from the air with certain organic compounds, especially anthraquinone or isopropyl alcohol. Major commercial grades are aqueous solutions containing 35, 50, 70, or 90 percent hydrogen peroxide
Types of Chemical Reactions 5.3.1 Combination reactions Combination reactions are when two separate species react together to produce a new more complex compound. In other words, two species combine to form a new compound. These reactions take the form of: X+Y →XY Combination Reaction Synthesis reaction - sodium chloride formation of sodium metal and chlorine gas. Types of chemical reactions, part 1 of 7. Educational chemistry for kids. Cartoon vector illustration in flat style. Image © Shutterstock
In this experiment, two qualitative analysis techniques were used to determine the identities of two unknown cations in a solution. The first technique relied on the solubility, and lack thereof, of various salts, and the second relied on the characteristic flame colors that various cations produced. First, the presence of either lead or silver was confirmed by testing a precipitate obtained through centrifugation of the unknown solution. Then, the presence of either barium or calcium was confirmed
determine the quantity of sodium hypochlorite found in a bleach product. This experiment allowed it to determine how much oxidizing agent is in a cleaner by using a redox reaction, which is a reaction involving the transfer of electrons from the compound being oxidized to the compound being reduced. To determine the amount of oxidizing agent, it is necessary to accurately measure out known amounts of redox reactants, know the stoichiometry
Oxygen Vital to life, a necessity to combustion, and the component of innumerable compounds, oxygen is by far one of the most important elements. Astoundingly, Oxygen makes up a fifth of our atmosphere, 49.5% of all compounds on Earth contain oxygen, makes up about 2/3 of our body, yet human kind has only know of it since 1977 (http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/8.html). Ironically, within a period of a couple of years, three different men had stumbled upon the vital element. Carl Wilhelm Scheele
The National Geographic Society “It’s right here”, was the old guard’s response when I asked him where I could find the National Geographic Society. Immediately upon entering the gates of the Shura Council Compound, I found a plaque on one of the two buildings indicating it to be the National Geographic Society. I entered the Society and began to analyze all of its aspects to determine whether or not the museum is achieving its purpose of improving the study of geography in Egypt. The National