million dead and around a million casualties with thousands of refugees fleeing both nations. This conflict's roots can be traced backed to conflicts that raged between the powers which controlled the Persian Iran and Arab Iraq regions (Bahadori, 2005). For centuries, the Persians and Arabs have been at war under the banners of opposing empires.. (Karsh, Geopolitical Determinism: The Origins of the Iran-Iraq War, 1990) According to the Iraqis, the conflict started on the 4th of September when Iranian
involved the use of chemical weapons and ethnic violence against Iraqi Shia Arabs, who were accused of colluding with Shia Iran. The Shatt Al-Arab was an oil port that was fought over in the Iran-Iraq War. They fought over it to get the great wealth associated with it. The entire war was fought for control over the oil trade. Saddam Hussein would have not invaded Iran if it were not for the trade benefits. The Shatt Al-Arab would not have been fought over if not for its use in trade. These warring
Arabian Gulf or the Persian Gulf: is the arm of the Arabian Sea, extending from Gulf of Oman in the south to along the Shatt-AL Arab in the north. Its length around 965 km from Shatt-Al Arab to the Hormuz fjord, which links it in the Gulf of Oman. The area of the Arabian Gulf approximately 233 100 km², and varies in width between a maximum of about 370 km to a minimum of 55 km in the Hormuz fjord. A maximum depth of the Arabian Gulf is 90 m. The gulf separates the Arabian Peninsula and south-western
Iran-Iraq War The eight year Iran-Iraq War was, by the standards of international conflicts, a very long one. It lasted longer than both World War I and World War II. In this conflict, the two most powerful states in the Persian Gulf, Iran and Iraq, who were the world’s largest producers of petroleum, were locked in mortal combat and appeared intent on destroying each other. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, simultaneously launching an invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on September
The term “Al-Anfal” means “spoils of war.” It is also the name of the eighth chapter in the Quran, and in that chapter is a story depicting the glory of destroying an enemy’s land. The Iraqi regime referenced this story, and even gave the name to the series of attacks, to justify the genocide that took place against the Kurdish people. During the 1980s, Iraq and Iran had constant tension between them, due to territorial and governmental disputes. The leader of the Iraqi government, Saddam Hussein
Yasmin Vega POL 135 Professor Zeev Maoz 3 March 2014 Iran, Iraq, War and the effect of State Formation Introduction Theory The theory of revolutionary state formation serves as an explanation for international conflict and the outbreak of war in the Middle East. The way in which a new state or an old state comes into being or changing the kind of regime matters in terms of the domestic and international implications for the nation. Evolutionary state formation, the opposite of revolutionary, explains
(Bhaskar & Kemp, 2011). Maritime security of the IOR is an extremely broad area of concern. It covers everything from terrorism, the physical security of ports and ships, right through to the security of energy resources into the future (Brewster, et al., 2013). The principal maritime security challenges of the IOR include maritime borders/ disputes, energy and mineral resources security, asymmetric threats and organised crime. Maritime boundaries and disputes exist within the IOR. This can create
For the purpose of this essay, I will assess the strengths and weaknesses of Neo-Classical Realism; focusing on the theory’s core assumptions about the International System and how it interacts with units. I will discuss the theory in relation to the international politics of the region, with particular reference to the build up to the Iran-Iraq war. Neo-Classical Realism has updated and systematized certain insights from Classical Realism , as well as incorporated key tenets from other Realist
A Brief History of Iran from 1851 Qajar Dynasty 1851-1906 -- The Qajars (ruling family) lost central Asian provinces to the Russians and were forced to give up all claims on Afghanistan to the British. These two European powers dominated Iran's trade and manipulated its internal politics. The Qajars and influential members of their court were bribed to sell many valuable concessions to the British, such as the Tobacco Concession which triggered a massive popular uprising. 1906 -- Discontent