Chemical sensors is a term which is often used in conjunction with words like molecular sensor and chemosensor, all of which more or less mean the same thing and can relate to both a designed molecule used for sensing and the analytical device that helps deliver real time information about specific compounds in which the designed molecule is used in. IUPAC defines a 'chemical sensor as a device that transforms chemical information, ranging from the concentration of a specific sample component to
INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Wireless sensors Deployment 2 1.2 Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks 3 1.3 The Physical Architecture of WSANs 3 1.4 Difference between WSNS and WS 4 1.5 Requirement of WSNs 5 2. Wireless Ad-Hoc Network 5 3. Current Issues and solution 6 3.1 Key management issue for future 9 4. Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications of WSNs 10 5. Conclusion 11 6. References 12 List of figures
Introduction Background A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of distributed sensors to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or detect dimensions, to pass their data through the network to a base station for processing. Advantages of WSN over a wired system considered in elimination of wiring cost, sensors can be installed in harsh environments. Each sensor node is a combination of Radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection
A sensor node is also known as a mote (mostly in North America). This sensor node in a wireless sensor network is capable of performing some processing, gathering of sensory information and communicating with other connected nodes in the network. It must be clearly understood that a mote is a node but a node is not always a mote. Although wireless sensor nodes have existed for decades and used for applications as diverse as earthquake measurements to even warfare, the latest development of small
A wireless sensor network is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors.They have the ability to monitor the physical as well as the environmental conditions.It is being widely adopted as a promising solution to numerous numbers of challenges which are being faced today. Sensor nodes, also known as motes, not only have limited amount of storage as well as processing capability which is a severe problem but also another constraint is the limited amount
Oxygen Sensor [7] This device was developed by Robert Bosch GmbH in the 1960s and is also called the Lambda Sensor. The purpose of the sensor is to determine the amount of oxygen in its surroundings. It plays a very important role in automotive vehicles in determining the amount of oxygen present in the exhaust gases. By knowing the same, we can improve electronic fuel injection and emission control. They he to observe in real-time if the air-to-fuel ratio of combustion engine is rich or lean. Since
Summary Underwater wireless sensor networks are significantly different from terrestrial sensor networks in which sound is mainly used as the communication medium. This paper reviews the main challenges caused by the underwater environment for the development of efficient under water sensor networking solutions and introduces several novel medium access control (MAC) protocols with power control to increase efficiency and save on energy. I. Introduce Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) has received
emotion of proudness that a creator would feel when his creation works, in my second semester of undergraduate studies, when the wall follower robot that I designed and built using simple logic gates worked like a charm. Digital data from the three sensors on the robot were providing the robot with sufficient surrounding information for it to follow the wall autonomously, without human intervention. Since then, my interest in building intelligent systems has continued through my education, projects
pieces and sensors provided in the tackle box were used. The design of the robot was modified from the original versions however, with the following specifications. The wheels were positioned in the front part of the robot, thus changing the axis of rotation to the front of the robot when it turned. Instead of the conventional four wheel design, the two rear wheels were replaced with a single pivoting wheel, thus reducing the resistance when turning. Finally, an ultrasonic sensor and sound sensor were
disc has holes in it and next to the disc is an infrared LED and an infrared sensor. As the disc spins the hole in the disc breaks the beams of light generated by the LED and the sensor picks up these pulses of light. The speed of the pulses is related to how far the mouse has travelled. If the disc spins faster the further the mouse would have travelled. A diagram below shows one of these discs. LED light LED sensor Disc Shaft So from the mouse which is mechanical the movement and distance
Constructing a Greenhouse Window Building and testing a sensor to determine number of degrees to which a window is open Introduction When making use of a greenhouse to grow plants out of season or on a large scale for commercial reasons, the temperature within the green house must be carefully regulated, in order to ensure that the plants are under the optimum growing conditions. With the windows shut permanently, the temperature may become too high, and the windows need therefore
Executive summary Constructing and programming of robot vehicle that can avoid the barriers depending on calculations of the exact distance between the barrier and vehicle using ultrasonic sensor fixed at the top of vehicle which contact with stepper motor to enable sensor turn right and left will be discussed and applied practically. The functions of constructed robot can be summarized as avoiding barrier, changing velocity of robot depending on the range distance between vehicle and barrier, lighting
use of smart sensor technology. The technology can detect ones safety, activity levels around them, mobility adaptability, and health screening (Courtney, Demiris, Rantz, Skubic). Smart home technologies are information-based technologies that passively collect and share resident information with the resident and family members, in addition to primary care providers. These devices collect multiple types of data, which include: physiological, location or movement data. Safety sensors are proven to
shines through the openings. This light is detected by two light sensors, which send signals to the computer of the movement. The offset of the light that the sensors receive determines the direction of each axis. So that motion is detected, the ball needs traction between the ball and the rollers, which is a major drawback to this design. A pure optical mouse works a little differently. Optical Mice need special grids that the sensor inside of the mice needs to see to negotiate motion. When this
Pavement-management systems (PMS) can work effectively only when they are constructed by organically combining all activities concerned with road pavement (planning, design, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, evaluation, economic analysis, and research) and the data bank [1]. Then, the most important items are the establishment of a serviceability index, which represents pavement quality, and a prediction of performance, which is represented by the relation between time (and/or traffic) and
a diode was chosen to build the design around. This option filled all the requirements listed in the "Requirement Statement". Optional sensor devices were thermistors, thermometers, and thermocouples. These options were discarded because of high cost. The basic design of the frost box follows: Powered by vehicle ignition Uses a remote temperature sensor mounted close to the road surface Display is a single tri-color Light Emitting Diode (LED) Mounted on the driv... ... middle of
These days technology has been advancing at a rapid pace. Scientists and engineers have come up with neat technology that will help the betterment of society. Many of these technological advancements are more for entertainment purposes only than the betterment of society but then again many can argue against that. One of those technological advancements is the Google Glasses; an alternative to carrying around an I-Pad and tablets of various sizes. Google started a project in April 2012 in one of
computer in a "virtually real" world. We are living in an era characterized by 3D virtual systems created by computer graphics. In the concept called Virtual Reality (VR), the virtual reality engineer is combining computer, video, image-processing, and sensor technologies so that a human can enter into and react with spaces generated by computer graphics. In 1969-70, a MIT scientist went to the University of Utah, where he began to work with vector generated graphics. He built a see-through helmet that
Europe and micro system in Japan. It is process technology used to generate micro level integrated system or devices that have combination of mechanical and electrical components. Generalized definition of MEMS can be given as “It is device where micro sensor and mechanical parts (Actuators) along with signal processing circuitry are combined on very tiny piece of silicon.” MEMS components generally have micron level dimensioned part, with a moving element which may be solid mechanics type or may fluid
Through numerous analysis and meeting with prospective customers we have concluded that having a Battery-Less-Hearing Aid is correct direction to head. We have developed these hearing aids to work by means of a heat sensor. When the aid touches your skin behind your ear the sensor in the hearing aid detects the heat and automatically turns on allowing you to hear. We have continued to run tests and do analysis to further optimize the components of our Battery-Less-Hearing Aid. Once we had a prototyped