describing objects in motion, to explore projectile motion in two dimensions. The kinematics of motion can be expressed by certain equations, which show the relationships between velocity, acceleration, time, and displacement. Two experiments were conducted to utilize two specific equations; one by launching a ball horizontally to investigate the time of flight, and another by launching the ball at different angles to determine its horizontal range. A projectile launcher was used to carry out both experiments
Introduction Projectile motion is key component in everyday life. Whether it’s a football player kicking the ball to score a winning field goal or a frustrated student crumpling up a piece of paper and tossing it into the trash can, projectile motion is all arounds us. The idea of projectile motion was taught to us by varying physicists like Aristotle and Galileo. Using Aristotle's original notion that shot objects stay along a straight path until its impetus is lost, the famous physicist Galileo
and the release pin was pulled. The tension on the arms pulled them forward, and the spear or rock was propelled forward by the rope in between the arms. Ballista Physics The design of the ballista is such that the force applied from the projectile comes from the tension of the twisted ropes. The ropes, when the tension is released, tend to return to their rest state with minimum tension, much like a spring would expand after being compressed. Using this similarity, the assumption can be
have had an assortment of purposes, but the most commonly purpose was to launch a projectile to destroy castles and soldiers. There were three main types of catapults; Ballista, Mangonel, and the Trebuchet. The mangonel was the most popular one. Different levels of torsion in the rope of the mangonel catapult decided how far a projectile was going to travel. Also the different objects that were used as projectiles and there masses also had a big role in the distance they would reach. If physics
while sitting parallel to each other. The projectile connects the two rails together creating what is called Lorentz force. The result is an electromagnetic force that sets the projectile in motion at speeds of up to 5,600mph. The amount of power applied along with the size of the projectile help determine how far and fast the projectile will travel. The current aim for the Navy is an EM Railgun that operates at up to 32 mega-joules and has a range of 110 nautical miles. How fast is 5,600mph
often need to model their virtual world as closely as possible to our own. In this project we will look at the first person combat simulator called "Tribes™", by Dynamix. We will focus mainly on projectile motion, but we will also discuss the challenges the programmers had in computing ranges for projectiles, friction, and momentum. Also touched on, will be how they succeeded and failed in their efforts. Challenges In Tribes™, the programmers had to create an environment for the players. The challenge
charcoal grill lighter. The button on the sparker is depressed and a spark arcs across a wire lead and a ground wire. The grill sparker is installed in to the back of the firing chamber by means of threading, epoxy, and bolts. This sparker becomes a projectile if it is not well seated in the end cap of the firing chamber. It must be held firmly in place withstanding any pressure produced by the fuels being burned in the chamber. This type or igniter will work in most conditions including when it becomes
stored potential energy of the counterweight can be converted into kinetic energy of the projectile, launching it into the air. Having the counterweight pivot around a much shorter distance than the projectile end gives an advantage to the projectile end of the beam to reach a much higher linear velocity than the counterweight end of the beam. This is the principle mechanical advantage that allows the projectile to have a high launch velocity. The main goal is to maximize the ratio of the length of
hypothesize that if we launch our catapult at 45 degrees, then the catapult will exert its maximum range and successfully hit the target. Since the dawn of human intelligence, neanderthals have been using sticks and spears to kill animals. This method eventually transformed to the creation of catapults to launch objects such as boulders into walls, which similarly relates to our objective of launching a projectile into a desired target. The five different kinds of medieval catapults include ballista, springald
For my PJAS science experiment this year, I chose to test and experiment with the main physics behind a trebuchet, a medieval weapon. A trebuchet, in simple terms, is a mechanical device that that can throw a wide range of projectiles with very good accuracy. These projectile can range in weight from a tennis ball, like I am launching, to the heaviest object being a large stone. The trebuchet that I will be experimenting with was designed sometime in the twelfth century. This version of the trebuchet
appropriate to shoot from. There are a lot of factors to keep in mind when doing this. Such as the velocity of your arrow, the optimal height you want, and the distance you want to cover. In my exploration, I wanted to see how the different aspects of projectile motion would affect the compound bow and the conve... ... middle of paper ... ...arrow to reach optimal height and back down. Once I got the value of the gravity, I found that it would be helpful in figuring out the time (t) that it takes the
and other objects that hurl projectiles, also seem as old as human civilization itself. The effectiveness of the catapult in flinging objects over a great distance and causing destruction is due to a few basic physics principals that govern force, energy, motion, speed and mass to name a few. The design of the catapult denotes a change in modern warfare to the engineer behind weapons being just as important as the actual soldiers and people who use them. Projectile-throwing machines are found
variety of projectiles, it’s one of the first method to overcome to the problems posed by fortifications. The first catapult was invented around 400 BC in the Greek Town of Syracuse. The leader of the townspeople, Dionysius the elder orders the research and development of weapons to prepare the colony for a long war with the Carthage, one of the weapons devised is called the Gastraphete, similar to the crossbow but a greater force must be exerted to release of a larger and more powerful projectile. The
Examining Projectile Motion Introduction When I was younger, I’d always worry about not being able to reach an object or be able to score a goal in sports. Especially because of my short height, I’d have to find creative ways in order to achieve these things. Projectile motion is just a fancy way of describing the efforts I had to go through in order to throw a basketball into the hoop at a certain height, or hit a golf ball at a certain angle in order to aim it. Projectile motion is used in our
In science class, our teacher has told us to do a research paper about the physics of projectiles involved in catapults. In an article about the physics of projectiles, I read that some models of catapults involve crossbars. Crossbars are bars that run horizontally between two vertical posts. I also read that if you control the length the arm can move it impacts when the projectile is unleashed and therefore the launch angle. A catapult depends on torque? And I found out that torque means the moment
While a counterpoise trebuchet uses just a counterweight to launch its projectile, a traction trebuchet uses straight man-power to launch the projectile. I have the throwing arm attached to the base of the trebuchet by using metal hooks and a heavy-duty rubber band. When the hook is released, the ball attached to the throwing arm will launch in a forward arch.
60 degrees each side. The howitzer was operated by a crew of 8 and had a max range of 21,325 yards World War 2 gave way to a major advancement in artillery, Airborne Artillery. The M3 105mm Howitzer was designed to be able to load onto planes and drop with airborne troopers (ONWAR.COM). The tube was a Shorten version of the M2 howitzer. It was designed to provide troops with direct and indirect fire with a Maximum range 8,300 yards. This helped the allied troops greatly, it was issued to cannon
to launch a projectile (Trebuchet). In this research paper I intend to explain the history and dynamics of a trebuchet catapult. History: The word trebuchet comes from the French word that means “to tumble” or “to fall over,” which is precisely what the trebuchet aims to do (Farrell, 2006). The trebuchet catapult first began appearing in the 6th century (“How to Build”, 2012). However, these early trebuchets were powered by humans pulling on ropes in order to lunch a projectile. What we would
hunter to be hidden. Each of the two accomplish the task of killing the animal, tree stand from the tops of trees, and ground blinds from the ground. Even though they have the same purpose, tree stands offer a better range of sight, better vantage point, and a back stop for the projectile to hit. Tree stands consist of two parts, a top sitting platform, and a bottom standing platform. In order to climb the tree, both parts must be adjusted to fit around the tree, and placed at a slight upward angle
7mm maximum effective range 2000m maximum range 6800m~4.2miles There are over 20 different types of ammunition that have been made for the M2, each with it's own individual characteristics, color coding and uses. The primary round discussed on this web page is the M2 .50 caliber ball cartridge. The M2 ball round is one of the few rounds that does not have any color coding. This round consists primarily of the casing, primer, powder, and projectile. The projectile is 58.7mm long, 12.7mm in