Introduction Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen which is hosted only by humans and colonizes nasopharynx. It is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal infections worldwide. Over half a million meningococcal cases occur annually and causes large epidemic and endemic outbreaks. Thus, meningococcal infection is one of the top ten infectious cause of death in the whole world (Tzeng & Stephens, 2000). Although the bacterium causes numerous human diseases
A 17-year old patient came into the emergency room with a severe headache, vomiting, and a stiff neck with pain running up his back. During the physical examination, the patient vital signs revealed a temperature of 101F and he seemed to have a hard time concentrating regarding the questions being asked by the attending nurse; also I noticed the patient had several areas of small purplish spots on the skin of his back, thigh, and arm. The young man thought those were from wrestling due to the fact
Overview: Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is an inflammatory disorder, more commonly known as Spring Fever. It coined this nickname from the high occurrence in the beginning of spring, triggered by respiratory illnesses from winter. HSP was first noted in 1801 by Dr. William Heberden, a london physician, who made case notes on a young boy aged five that was displaying, what we know to now be, typical HSP symptoms. HSP is a type of vasculitis, or inflammation of the blood vessels, that targets mainly
When I think of the word flash, I think about a bright light sparking for a quick instant of time. When I think of the world nonfiction, I think about biographies, almanacs, journals, diaries, documentaries, and scientific papers. If I put these two words together, I immediately think that flash nonfiction is a brief type of nonfiction but what exactly is flash nonfiction? What makes up flash nonfiction? Where and how did it originate? How does it compare to other types of nonfiction? And, where
Henoch-Scho¨nlein purpura is a vasculitic syndrome that can affect the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary system. Pain, erythema, and swelling of the scrotum and spermatic cord occur in up to one third of patients. The swelling seems to occur more commonly in boys younger than 7 years of age. Scrotal findings and onset of pain may mimic testicular torsion, but Doppler ultrasonography reveals good blood flow to the testes. The history may document other systemic symptoms such as purpura of the
Introduction Good afternoon everyone and welcome to this week’s meeting of Haematology for Humans. The topic we will be discussing today is Thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia (a low platelet count) can affect anyone of you here today which makes it a significant issue in community health. Thrombocytes or platelets are small fragments made during the process of thrombopoiesis. This process can sometimes be disrupted or damaged in conditions such as Cancer, Autoimmune disorder or clotting disease to
provided in a sterile solution. Rhogam is used most commonly to prevent an immune response to Rh positive blood in individuals that have an Rh negative blood type. In addition to the above use, Rhogam is also used to treat immune thrombocytopenic purpura or ITP. Rhogam is a relatively new drug and its beginnings can be traced back to one donor in Australia. Development of Rho (D) Immune Globulin Firstly, it is important to discuss the beginnings of this drug as it has an amazing story that goes
Immunodeficiency diseases are any diseases that cause an absence or inadequate immune response. They usually effect the immune cells, T-cells, B-cells, complement cells, or phagocytes. Immunodeficiency disease can cause many complications in the body. The compromise of the immune system can eventually lead to death if it is not treated promptly and correctly. A rare immunodeficiency disease that can lead to death is Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome is a disease that deals with
Background: What is a hematologist? A hematologist is a specialist in the science or study of blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases. The medical aspect of hematology is concerned with the treatment of blood disorders and malignancies, including types of hemophilia, leukemia, lymphoma and sickle-cell anemia. Hematology is a branch of internal medicine that deals with the physiology, pathology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of blood-related disorders. Becoming
Berber, I., Koroglu, M., Kuku,I. (June 2012). “Thrombocytopenia in Adults: Review Article.” Journal of Hematology: Vol. 1, No. 2-3 Cohen, R., Garcia, C.A., Mena, D., Castellanos, M., Wu L.T. (April 2012). “Case Review: Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura.” Journal of Medical Cases: Vol. 3, No. 2. McCrae, R.K. (December 4, 2010). “Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy.” ASH Education Program Book: doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.397 vol. 2010 no. 1 397-402 Rajasekhar, A. MD, Gernsheimer, T., MD, Stasi, R
One case that stood out during a pediatric rotation in Houston was with a 2 year-old girl diagnosed as Henoch-Schonlein purpura who was brought in by her mother. The mother become frantic and panicking, I empathized with her plight as a parent, reassuring her so that she was emotionally take care of. This case epitomized my approach to pediatrics, as I cared for the parent
sudden onset of flu-like symptoms, the infection rapidly progresses into an agonizing cascade of high fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, light sensitivity, purpura (dark discolorations of the skin caused by bleeding beneath the skin), and possibly seizures. In severe cases of meningitis, limbs or extremities must be amputated due to the appearance of purpura. Viral meningitis, the most common form of the disease, often resolves itself without treatment within a few days. However, bacterial meningitis, somewhat
Throughout the diagnosis of meningitis, the physician checks the individual’s medical history and perform physical exams. For instance, the patient may go through a series of blood work, which the samples will be placed in a culture medium and analyzed for microbial growth. Also, gram-staining techniques can be used to identify the existence of specific parts on the bacterial body and locate its virulent factors. Alternatively, imaging exams such as computerized tomography (CT scan) or magnetic resonance
Blood transfusions have become a common part of medical care with nearly 5 million Americans a year receiving a transfusion. Blood transfusions are used in the treatment of many different conditions, from replacing blood lost in surgeries or injuries to fighting diseases like liver disease, anemia, and bleeding disorders like hemophilia (Nglbi.nih.gov, 2014). Blood collection and transfusion are overseen by many different agencies including the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the
Acute kidney failure occurs when your kidneys become inadequate to filter waste products that form in your blood. Chemicals start to build up in your blood that could be fatal. If you catch it soon enough you can reverse the effect and come back to regular kidney functions. Prerenal failure its common to have a decrease in urine output but not always. Fluid retention which commonly causes swelling in distal extremedies,slumberous, dyspnea, chronic fatigue and nausea. The man who arrived into
Bellavita, C. (2009). Changing homeland security: The year in review - 2008. Homeland Security Affairs, 5(1) Retrieved from http://ezproxy.fau.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1266212855?accountid=10902 Provides a review of homeland security in 2008 from the members of the Naval postgraduate schools homeland security network. A survey was administered among the network in regards to what they considered the most important homeland security issue of the year and what issues they believe
Introduction -need for critical thinking in Homeland security -why it is important The date of September 11, 2001 marked a turning point in the history of security. Because of these devastating attacks, not only have homeland defense, security, safety, and military strategies changed, but also our way of thinking has changed. We cannot afford to have failures in our planning and imagination of what criminals can do. To improve security, we must seek new tools to assist us in our thinking processes
Many teachers have some general knowledge on how to assess vocabulary and grammar when it comes to testing and also vocabulary and grammar is the form of testing that it is most used by teachers. There is more to just applying a test, as a language teacher you need to be aware of diverse factors that are considered when testing. The following summary was based on a webinar titled “Understanding grammar and vocabulary assessment: what every teacher should know” where many key points and tips of assessing
"I'm not feeling well today. Maybe you should just go alone." She kept a placid expression on her face, knowing full well she was lying, and it might show. "Well you don't exactly have a choice, dear. I have a lot to pick up today. It's too much for just me, and I don't want to take two trips." Miriam finished up on the blouse she was sewing and neatly folded it to add to the pile that had been accumulating. "But I--" "Enough Lydia! You need to get out of this house! Ever since..." she paused
Chronic viral hepatitis(CVH) is a chronic inflammatory reaction of the liver due to either hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis c (HCV) or hepatitis d (HDV) , occurring over more than 3 to 6 months. Chronic viral hepatitis is the main cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepato cellular cancer (Porth, p962). According to a media report on “the rising burden of chronic liver disease a high price to pay ";liver disease affects more than 6 million Australians and costs the government $50.7 annually