Free Public-key cryptography Essays and Papers

Computers used in business have become a vital necessity since the late 1980's and since then companies depend on them to get work done more efficient. In this effort to make work flow more efficient companies have started using computer networks to exchange information so their work can be done even more efficient and faster. Though computer networks are good and can exchange information, lots of outside and inside elements of the business can pose a threat to its computer network and it's privacy

are two main types of cryptography symmetric and asymmetric encryption. Thought time Cryptography has evolved rapidly during world war one and world war two the allies used it to send messages between one the other. Symmetric algorithms encrypt and decrypt with the same key. Main advantages of symmetric algorithms are their security and high speed. Asymmetric algorithms encrypt and decrypt with different keys. Data is encrypted with a public key, and decrypted with a private key. Asymmetric algorithms

I. What is Cryptography Cryptography is a secrecy technique where the users involved create an actual message but it is hidden in some way. One form of Cryptography is Steganography. This is another secrecy technique, a bit more ancient than cryptography itself. It has been used for thousands of years, but as a primitive form of secret messages. The word itself is a derivative of two Greek words: steganos means “covered” and graphein means to “write”. In ancient time, a man named Pliny the Elder

Cryptography Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data. Cryptography enables you to store sensitive information or transmit it across insecure networks so that it cannot be read by anyone except the intended recipient. While cryptography is the science of securing data, cryptanalysis is the science of analyzing and breaking secure communication. Classical cryptanalysis involves an interesting combination of analytical reasoning, application of mathematical tools

Cryptography is the study of secure or secret communications. Cryptography has been around for thousands of years. Cryptography has been around for thousands of years. Cryptography deals with authentication, confidentiality, and integrity of data. There are many different implementations of cryptography in information systems. This paper will cover hashing, encryption, digital signatures, and digital certificates. Cryptography dates back as early as the Egyptian Hieroglyphs that were carved

from attacks. Public and widespread use of digital tools in communication quickly causes the creation of secure mechanisms. Cryptography technique is one of them. Cryptography is the basic encryption method used in implementing security. The word cryptography comes from the Greek word "Kryptos", that means hidden, and "Graphikos" which means writing. Cryptography or communication by using secret code was used by the Egyptians some 4000 years ago. However, the science of cryptography was initiated

owner encrypts the original uncompressed image using an encryption key. Then, a data-hider may compress the least significant bits of the encrypted imageusing a data-hiding key to create a sparse space to accommodate some additionaldata.With an encrypted image containing additional data, if a receiverhas the data-hiding key, he can extract the additional data thoughhe does not know the image content. If the receiver has the encryption key,he can decrypt the received data to obtain an image similar to

1. Briefly describe a checksum first. Then describe how the cryptographic checksum algorithm, a secret key cryptography, can do integrity check and why it works. Checksum: Checksum is an error detection method. Checksum is mainly used to conform the integrity of the data portions being transmitting. While transmitting data some bits may missed or duplicate bits may be added to the original data this may result in the error in received as it is not identical as the transmitted data. To avoid such

This chapter provides an overview of cryptography concept. It`s required to encrypt and maintain confidentiality of the information to be transmitted over the network. This is achieved through cryptography. Cryptography plays a vital role in securing the information when transmitted across the network. It helps in maintaining the integrity of the information stored on the network. Thus, security is one of the important concepts to be explored in the world of network security. Some of the security

document. According to the Webster dictionary, “cryptography is the practice and study of data encryption and decryption - encoding data so that it can only be decoded by specific individuals.” Crypto is derived from the Greek word kruptos, to hide, from kruptein, which means hidden and secret. In the old days, people attempted to withhold certain information as their private possession, and to hide the information from exposures to the public. There were many different methods they used in order

arrangement. Encryption is simply stated as the practice of systematic information scrambling, so that it can be unscrambled later [10]. Data encryption interprets data into a different form, or cryptograph, so that a person holding a secret key (i.e. a decryption key) or password can access that data. The encrypted data is known as cipher text, whereas the unencrypted data is termed as plaintext. Presently, encryption is considered as one of the most effective data security technique and is widely used

I. INTRODUCTION The wrong message in wrong hands can alter the course of history. Fast forward to 1945, cryptography was rampant. The Germans were using Enigma machines, making it almost impossible for the Allies to decode their messages, or so they thought. Little did the Germans know that the Allies were able to decode it, exposing war plans and helping end the war. The Allies nicknamed all intelligence involving Germans “Ultra”. Using Ultra, Allies were able to find German naval and land positions

Cryptography is the use of codes and ciphers to protect secrets and has been around for centuries. It has its beginnings in ancient Egypt and has played a role in every part of history to its current role in protecting communications across today’s computer networks. In classical times cryptology was not as sophisticated as it is today, but it had its uses for that time in history. The early Greeks used what was called the Scytale Cipher. It was used between the Greek and Spartan armies and was very

Cryptography – Cryptography or Cryptology comes from the Greek words kryptós meaning "hidden, secret” and graphein, "writing", So cryptography is the study/practice of hidden writing, or coding messages in order to send messages between two parties without a third party being able to read the messages. Cryptography is a process invented thousands of years ago, but was tedious to use as messaged had to be drafted, encoded, transported, decoded before reaching its intend recipient. It wasn’t until

Why of ECC? Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is a public key cryptography technique by making use of elliptic curve properties and their algebraic structure of over finite fields. It is one of the efficient ways of providing encryption of cryptographic keys. Elliptic curves as algebraic/geometric entities have been studied extensively for the past 150 years, and from these studies has emerged a rich and deep theory. Elliptic curve systems as applied to cryptography were first proposed in 1985 independently

field of cryptography. Both the allies and the axis sent encoded message over airways that both sides had access to. Obviously they didn’t want the other side to know what they were up to, so they both sent encoded messages. Mathematics served a primary role in the cracking of these codes, most notably the enigma code used primarily by Nazi Germany. The problem with an encoded message though, is that historically, a code needed to be prearranged along with some sort of decryption key, between

that publicly revealing an encryption key did not thereby reveal the corresponding decryption key. This had two important consequences: 1) Couriers or other secure means were not needed to transmit keys, since a message could be enciphered using an encryption key publicly revealed by the intended recipient. Only he could decipher the message, since only he knew the corresponding decryption key. 2) A message could be “signed" using a privately held decryption key. Anyone could verify this signature

undetected fraud arising out of poor level data analysis. Furthermore, as mentioned by Ruchi Verma and Sathyan Ramakrishna Mani (2002) analytics address these challenges and play a very crucial role in fraud detection for insurance companies. Some of the key benefits of using analytics in fraud detection are discussed below. By making use of sampling techniques methods accompanies its own particular set of accepted errors. Using analytics, insurance agencies can manufacture frameworks that gone through

Ch 4 Encryption 4.1 Introduction Cryptography is the common term given to the art and science of keeping the text messages secret. It is not the purpose to evaluate in detail any of the mathematical algorithms that are used in the cryptographic process, but instead to provide a general view of the process and its uses. To introduce briefly one of the fundamental building blocks of all network security, one must know the process of encryption and decryption. A process that transforms the given information

" Sign on the Dot-Corn Line." ABA Journal Oct 2000 Misra, Sunil. "Federal law allows electronic signatures." The American City & County Dec 2000 Singh, Simon. The Code Book: The Evolution of Secrecy from Mary Queen of Scots to Quantum Cryptography. New York: Doubleday, 1999 "Bill Pertaining to Digital Signatures and Authentication in the lO6~ Congress." Tech Law Journal http://techlawjournal.com/cong106/digsig/Default.ttm ( 5 Apr. 2001).