Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a bacterium that is part of the Proteobacteria group in the Bacteria domain of the phylogenetic tree. The Proteobacteria group has five different groups, which are the Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is part of the Betaproteobacteria group because it is a Gram-negative Bacteria and is most similar to other bacteria in that group. Betaproteobacteria are also known for their
Throughout life, there are many people who experience a sickness after eating a certain meal. Food poisoning is a large issue for many people. This can be a very mild sickness, or it can be so severe that one is admitted into the hospital. Food poisoning is caused by many different types of bacteria, and it has various effects depending on the type of bacteria that has contaminated the consumed food. There are two most common bacteria that cause food poisoning. Campylobacter and Salmonella
Escherichia coli are a bacterium that is a part of the Enterobacteriaceae family and it is in the Gamma Proteobacteria class. Escherichia coli are gram negative and have a straight rod shape. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Escherichia coli are important for the health of the human intestinal tract (Escherichia coli, 2013)2. Even though Escherichia coli are important for the intestines it can also cause illness. Escherichia coli (2013)2 states there are certain
Name: Lambert Ntashamaje Word count: 1734 words including intext citations and diagrams Assignment: Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco) Rubisco is a biological catalyst which fix carbon dioxide on Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate(RuBP) in the process of photosynthesis. Rubisco is found in the stroma of chloroplast and cytoplasm of photosynthetic bacteria (Keys, 1986). The availability of Rubisco in both plants and archaea-bacteria makes rubisco the most plentiful protein in the world
microorganisms, including viruses, protozoa, archaea, and bacteria. There are about 1000 different species of bacteria in the mouth. The most commonly seen species of bacteria phyla found in the mouth Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Synergistetes, and Tenericutes. The oral flora is important to maintain, and periodontitis, imflammation of the gums, is one specific disease of the mouth that is due to a contribution of a change in the microbiota. In order to
characterized by a genomic content (microbiome) which represents more than 150 times the human genome. Nearly 99% of microbes in the human gut belong to 1000–1200 bacterial species, placed in one of the four phyla, namely Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria3 with little representation from the other bacterial phyla.
School of Bioscience 913369293 Alternative Assessment: BI1051 Genetics and Evolution Question 1 I. Introduction The two most advanced and scientifically supported hypotheses of evolution from a prokaryote precursor to a eukaryote are The Theories of Endosymbiosis and Autogenesis. The hypotheses both base their claims on the fact that eukaryotic genomes are chimeric, they don’t have a vertical lineage from one common ancestor, but rather a varying ancestry with diverse lineages of archaea and bacteria
To many, prokaryotes may seem as uninteresting, insignificant organisms, but to biologists, prokaryotes have the greatest success story in the history of life. Prokaryotes have been around for at least 3.5 billion years, considering that the earth is over 4.5 billion years old. They are the earliest known organisms to ever inhabit the earth. Still small and insignificant they may seem, they have been able to endure and evolve on their
However, they are identified in people with colon cancer. The most abundant bacteria in our gut and causing cancer are Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. When colon tumor genes are analyzing, alterations in these genes are founded. APC and CTNNB1, P53 genes have deletions in people with colon cancer. In addition, DNA methylation at CpG islands are abnormal, and chromosomes
peptide bonds (Carson 13). Gram-positive bacteria are found within the phylum Firmicuites (Slonczewski & Foster 94). While gram-negative, have thin layers of one or two peptidoglycan cell wall, this type of bacteria are found within the phylum Proteobacteria (Slonczewaki & Foster). The gram positive and negative characteristic derived from a staining technique that was developed by Hans
Introduction Caves are natural, underground cavities formed by chemical dissolution of the bedrock or other geological processes. Based on the geological process responsible for their formation, caves can be divided into karstic and pseudokarstic (sensu Klimchouk 2004). Karstic caves derived from dissolution of the bedrock, whereas pseudokarstic are formed by other processes such as erosion by water and tectonic forces (sensu Klimchouk 2004). Although caves can be formed through different geological
cytoplasmic protein (Achouiti, 2012). This is harmful because it inhibits the body’s ability to fight the infection, as neutrophils are the body’s natural immunity defense. Taxonomic Classification The domain for Klebsiella is Bacteria, it is in the Proteobacteria phylum, Gammaproteobacteria class, Enterobacteriales is the Order, the family is Enterobacteriacaea, the Genus is Klebsiella, and finally the species is Klebsiella pneumonia. Mode of Transmission In order for a person to become infected with Klebsiel
Fast and Furious: The Yersinia pestis Bacterium In 2014, Italy auctioned off Poveglia, one of its islands near Venice, for about $700,000 in order to help pay off some of the country’s national debt and conform to the European Union’s budgeting guidelines (Landini & Trogni, 2014). To most people, the thought of an Italian island near Venice may evoke charm, romance, and exoticness. Unfortunately, Poveglia is not that island. With its sordid past, Poveglia has been a deserted island for over 40
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER FROM BACTERIA TO EUKARYOTES AND ITS ROLE IN EVOLUTION The genome of any organism is referred to as the total genetic content possessed by that organism. The movement of genetic material is defined as the process of Gene Transfer. Gene Transfer can be done in two directions: vertical gene transfer (transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring) and horizontal gene transfer or lateral gene transfer (transfer of genetic material from donor organism to recipient organism)
Abstract: Ladakh is a high-elevation cold desert, which makes it an extraordinary extreme environment. It provides a suitable habitat some wildly adapted microbes. Due to the high elevation a person can experience freezing cold temperatures and the burning nuisance of the sun all the same time. There is an abundance of cold adapted microbes in Ladakh, some which are thought to have application as inoculants and biocontrol agents in crops not only growing at low temperatures but at high elevation
and methane-oxidation. Although this cave has been deprived of sunlight for millions of years, a variety of unique indigenous species have been identified, including 33 vertebrates and a wide range of microorganisms, ranging from common alpha-proteobacteria to methanotrophs.” [1] If life is capable of existing in such extreme environments on Earth, then it is plausible that life will of already has developed in a subterranean Martian environment. Any life that exists beneath the surface may be able
plastids origin along the algae family due to second endosymbiosis; discuss the evidence that supports the theory, including further examples of endosymbiosis. The theory, as discussed by Lynn Margulis, states that mitochondria originated from α-proteobacteria bacterium which was engulfed by the ancestral anaerobic eukaryotic cell, through endocytosis, and retained within the cytoplasm due to atmospheric oxygen increase. Prokaryote organism produced ATP, through oxidative phosphorylation, by receiving
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a gram-negative, rod-shaped aerobic bacterium. It is a primary cause of hospital-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa is primarily a nosocomial pathogen. It also acts as an opportunistic pathogen, which can only infect a host that is immunocompromised, due to an underlying disease or medication. Although, P. aeruginosa can cause damage to virtually any tissue in the body, it almost never affects the tissues of healthy individuals. It is a problematic pathogen
is known as the microbiota [5]. These microorganisms come from both archeal and bacterial domains. Bacteria are the predominant kingdom of organisms and it is composed mainly by five bacterial phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia [3]. The great majority of mammalian gut microbiota belongs to the three phyla: the Gram-negative anaerobe Bacteroidetes, the Gram-positive Actinobacteria and Firmicutes [5]. Firmicutes comprises of over 200 genera, including
Introduction The main purpose of accomplishing multiple tests on an unknown organism was to pick a random unknown tube and identify which microorganism it was. One of the important thing about these different tests are to make sure the tests are performed correctly and the results are interpreted correctly or else the unknown organism will come out as a mess. One instance where it is important to interpret the tests is in the medical field. If a patient is sick because of an unknown organism, samples