Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A streptococcus (GAS), is a β-hemolytic, Gram-positive bacterium that most commonly causes respiratory disease, including pharyngitis or tonsillitis, as well as skin infections such as impetigo and cellulitis. The organism is transmitted via respiratory droplets or by contact with fomites, and commonly infects young children. In addition to the common clinical presentations associated with S. pyogenes, some individuals develop the postinfectious sequelae
Introduction Consumption of meat is often associated with well industrialised countries all around the world compared to developing countries. The major determinant of meat consumption in the population is mainly wealth; the higher average per capita income of a country, the higher the consumption of meat. This has become a trend in most big countries in the world, as example, America (Daniel et al., 2011). People in industrialised countries, where they are capable to afford to consume meat products
by a Protease Aim. To investigate the effect of temperature and the effectiveness of this enzyme in breaking down the gelatine (protein) on the back of photographic film. Prediction I predict that the effect of the temperature will be that the higher the temperature the quicker the enzyme will break down the gelatine, but the temperature will have to be an optimum temperature because if it is too high, the enzyme will be denatured. If the temperature is too low, the enzyme will
film is made up of three layers, plastic, photographic pigment and gelatine in between. See diagram: The protease enzyme digests the gelatine section, causing the other two layers to fall apart. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme found in the gastric juice of the stomach. It changes proteins in food into substances called peptides. In chemical composition, pepsin is like other enzymes, but its effects are entirely different. Its activity is strongest in an acidic environment, such as that found
Uses of Enzymes in Medicine and Industry Enzymes are used widely across medicine and industry. Through this essay I will go through some examples of each case, and explain the complexities of these examples. Enzymes are biological catalysts that enable specific reactions to take place. Catalysts are widely used in industry, to increase the rate of a reaction, or allow the reaction to take place without resorting to high temperatures and pressures. One of the most important and widely
The Effect of Temperature on the Action of Protease on Photographic Film Aim: to show the effect of temperature on the action of protease on photographic film Prediction: I predict that as the temperature of the enzyme increases, so will the rate of reaction. However, I only predict this until a certain temperature and beyond perhaps 60(optimum temperature) the enzyme will stop working as well and both the enzyme and the substrate will become slightly deformed. As the temperature rises
Stephanie De La Cruz Tyrosinase is an enzyme found in Portabella mushrooms. Tyrosinase is the enzyme most responsible for the brown color of Portabella mushrooms, as it is found in larger amounts than other pigmentations. Tyrosinase is also found in Tyrosinase vesicles in the cell wall of Portabella mushrooms. Tyrosinase plays a huge role in Portabella mushrooms in that it is active in most chemical reactions including oxidation, phosphorylation and other important mechanisms within the cell. The
Protease is an enzyme that has the ability to break the peptide bonds of proteins into amino acids (Mitchell et al., 2007). Protease breaks down peptide bonds to engender amino acids and other more diminutive peptides. It can be isolated from a mixture of sources such as plants, animals and microbes (fungi and bacteria). It has broad application and for many years used in many fields such as in food and detergents industries (Yandri et al., 2008). Except alkaline protease all protease works best
Commercial Uses of Enzymes The use of enzymes to modify foods has increased vastly and these fermentations are continuing to be important, however, a new type of enzyme industry has evolved which involves the use of harvesting enzymes from microorganisms. The production of enzymes from bacteria and fungi can be isolated from the growth media and cleansed and purified as necessary. Generally in industrial processes the enzyme is immobilised which allows t h enzyme to be re-used and also
Industrial Application of Enzymes Enzymes are naturally occurring biological molecules found in all living organisms, plant, animal and microorganisms such as bacteria. All enzymes are proteins and, as with all proteins, are made up of a chain or polymer of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. This chain coils to form a specific three-dimensional globular shape, which, typically, means an enzyme will only work with one specific substrate. The purpose of an enzyme is to lower the activation
The Ethical, Social and Economic Benefits of the Commercial and Medical Use of Enzymes This essay will be discussing the ethical, social and economic benefits of the commercial and medical use of enzymes. Firstly, an enzyme is a biological catalyst produced in cells, which is capable of speeding up reactions by reducing the activation energy for a reaction to take place. Enzymes are proteins that are highly specific due to its active site, which is formed by the specific folding of the
The Industrial Uses of Enzymes Enzymes are catalysts made up of polymers of Amino Acids, and they’re very useful inside and outside our body. Enzymes, like other catalysts, speed up chemical reactions, and over 700 of their kind are known in today’s world, since being discovered in the 1850s. There are many industrial applications of enzymes, and they speed up processes that could take years to be completed. FERMENTATION: Making beer and whisky was known to humans for the past 8,000 years
The Applications of Enzymes in Medicine Enzymes are biological catalysts which speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy (the minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to take place). Enzymes are proteins which have a tertiary structure and they are very specific- only the correct substrate can combine with the active site of the correct enzyme, thereby producing an enzyme substrate complex. “They are also highly specific, which means fewer unwanted side-effects
fact that there was no clearing of the medium. I have also determine that neither of my organisms can make the enzymes rennin, proteolytic or even proteases. I know my specimens cannot produce proteases due to the fact that there was no blue coloring in the tubes which means that the byproduct Ammonia was not produced to increase the pH. Since neither of my specimens can make these enzymes, I concluded that my specimens cannot break down lactose or casein. Although I did learn that specimen Cb can
What are enzymes? Enzymes are generated by a living organism that behaves as a catalyst to carry out a clear biochemical reaction. Enzymes increases the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the free energy barrier that separates the reactants and products.Enzymes are the tools of nature and they help in breaking down our food. They speed up all necessary biological activities. The enzymes in the stomach, as an example make certain that food is break down into smaller fleck that can be transformed
tinned pineapple is added to the gelatin mixture the solution will turn into a solid (Jelly). This is because when the tinned pineapple is preheated to remove microorganism the bromelain enzymes are destroyed since they do not have the ability to withstand high temperatures such as 100 degrees Celsius. When the protease found in pineapple becomes impractical gelatin can be formed when hot water is added to collagen. Based on the results and observations, it can be confirmed that
Applications of Enzymes in Industry and Medicine Enzymes have a wide range of applications and they are used in industry and in medicine to perform numerous different tasks to get specific results. The market for commercially produced enzymes is catalysts is very large because enzymes are used in reactions to speed up a specific process therefore making the process cheaper for the company since they work best in aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure and at low temperatures. Enzymes are used
The Application of Enzymes in Industry and Medicine Enzymes are proteins, made up of polypeptide chains of amino acids. They are biological catalysts to regulate the speed of many processes, and are used in industry and medicine, but in different ways. Enzymes are globular proteins, with their structure held together by hydrogen bonds and can therefore be denatured easily if these bonds are broken. This is because their structure is very important in the way they work. They have an active
Industrial Use of Enzymes:Food Industry Maha Mohamed MadresatulBannatAlmuslimaat SBI4U This research paper explores the use of industrial and biological enzymes in the food industry.Enzymes play a vital role in providing stability and quality in food items as well as production. Enzymes are biological catalysts, usually made of proteins that speed up chemical reactions in biological systems. They are biodegradable and not consumed within the reaction. They usually catalyze the hydrolysis
change- pH- Different types of enzyme work best at different pH level. The best pH level for an enzyme to be effective depends on its site of action. An example of this is; enzymes in the stomach have an optimum pH value of about 2. This is because the stomach is acidic, where as enzymes in intestines, have an optimum pH of about 7.5. Temperature- as the temperature increases, so does the reaction rate. This is due to heat energy that causes the enzyme and the substrate to collide. But