look back at its historical past is certainly needed. Mozambique won a rushed independence from Portugal’s colonial hand in 1975. This was a result of a combination of factors, of which, arguably the most heavily handed was the protracted war of liberation against the Portuguese rule that begun in 1962, and ended 13 years later with the fall of Fascism in Portugal. The collapse of the Portuguese regime in 1974 paved the way for Mozambican independence under the Lusaka Peace Accord. Signed in haste,
research paper is to examine why Portugal did not fall back into fascism or embrace Communism but rather, whole-heartedly adopted democracy. The Portuguese revolution is regularly glossed over in historical accounts of democracy and regime change. Why would the transition to democracy in a European nation be rendered almost insignificant? Firstly, the Portuguese experience was qualitatively different from many other regime changes precisely because the transition in Portugal acquired many of the characteristics
The baldios are an ancient tradition in Portugal, which dates back to the Middle Ages, as a privilege endowed to the inhabitants of each village, acknowledged in the royal rolls. In a feudal economy, the commons were a necessary resource to enable growers to obtain firewood and pasture, assuring their subsistence. Until the late 18th century, the commons were properties that could not be subject of individualization. However, some laws enacted by Pombal and D. Maria I, tended to misunderstand the
finishes with this symbolic sentence: "The old man was dreaming about lions." It is a psychological analysis of Hemingway famous story that we have used it as a psychotherapeutic aid for hopeless and depressed people and also psychological victims of war in a more comprehensive therapeutic plan. The first sentence of the book announces itself as Hemingway's: "He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish" . The words are
Angola: Colonial Legacy History of Colonial Rule The source of problems in some modern African nations lies in the colonial legacy of the past. Imperialistic policies often denied the native populations their political, economic, cultural, and basic human rights. Many imperialistic practices promoted ethnic rivalries, unequal distribution of resources and wealth, and undemocratic governments which prevented local participation in governmental decisions and actions. The impact of colonization
in Angola, either starting from a historical perspective or analyzing it from a sociological perspective, feels almost "obliged" to dwell in the colonial period to be the benchmark in the emergence of education in Angola, as well as many other African countries during the European colonial presence, since education developed by Africans before the colonial presence, in various regions of Africa, was based on a non-formal framework. Much of this education was acquired by parents through example and
and principles. The other set of historians and scholars credit economic and social interests as the primary cause of the Revolutionary War. Historians Jesse Lemisch and Dirk Hoerder used the mobs in colonial cities as evidence of the social concerns of Americans at that time. Another Historian, Arthur M. Schlesinger argued in a 1917 study “that it was the colonial merchants who were chiefly responsible for arousing American resistance to the British; and that although they spoke of principles and
countries like Angola and Zimbabwe, to the evolvement of new, western-influenced music in South Africa, Colonialism has left an imperative mark on the countries of Africa. Evidently, the people of Africa are made up with the great influence of the Colonial times and most of their music known today has been birthed or influenced by the settlers. There are many layers that the Europeans have embedded their beliefs on the people. It cannot be denied that music is a subtle tool of the European colonists
Zambia and Malawi. Mozambique president is Armando Guebuza. In June 1975 Mozambique gained freedom from Portugal. It also has a population up to 23.4 million. The capital of Mozambique is Maputo and it has an area of 812,379 sq. km. In Mozambique Portuguese is the country’s official language also Swahili, English and other indigenous languages are spoken, the most common religions in Mozambique are Christianity, indigenous beliefs and Islam. The lifespan in the country is 49 years for men and 49 years
its own. Throughout the creation of New World violence played a vital role among the Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans. The colonial era brought about devastating violence such as murder, rape, kidnapping, slavery, and racism. Columbus justified the enslavement and murder of the Native people by dehumanizing them, making them less than human. The Portuguese seems to expect complete submission from the Cape Verdians upon sight. The argument in this analysis is to historically examine justifications
heavily on trade with other countries to stay economically "afloat." It was first discovered or colonized in the 1500's by Vasco da Gama. Conflicts with Britain became a common event as Portugal was looking for the opportunity to create a link from Portuguese controlled Angola to Mozambique. After Portugal attempted to scout the area between Mozambique and Angola, Britain threatened to take control of the island of Mozambique. At this Portugal relented and Britain recaptured the area that was to be Portugal's
the U.S. CIA was involved in the murder of Patrice Lumumba only confirms what was already apparent. The fact that President Clinton offered military aid to overthrow the regime that we put in power (after we were prompted to do so following the cold war) gave a very insincere impression. No matter how small my contributions may be, I look forward to making a difference on the matter by raising awareness and giving my time, energy, and support to help the Democratic Republic of Congo gain the peace
Statistics. Portugal has 3 main languages that are used, Portuguese as the official language and 2 others major languages used, English and French. The majority of Portuguese are Roman Catholic with a small number of Protestants, Hindus, Jews and Muslims, and the rise of Christians is due to the large numbers of Brazilians who migrated to Portugal in the early 2000s. In 1964 Portugal Signed the North Atlantic Treaty and in 1986 jointed the European
had all occupied vast territories long before the modern era. For the purposes of this essay, I will confine myself to European Colonisation from the 15th century onwards. As defined above, colonisation sets up an unequal relationship between the colonial power and the indigenous people. All colonising nations set out to justify their invasion of foreign territories with noble intentions, but
Capitaes de Abril is directed by Maria de Medeiros, and is a film depicting the events of the Portuguese revolution. The film opens up showing pictures of dead African people during the colonial war and then transitions to a solider kissing his girlfriend before boarding a train to the Army camp. The main character is Captain Maia, who is one of the leaders of the revolution. At the Army camp the Caption order everyone to wake up at night and assembled them. the caption gave a speech about liberating
one man and one women slave back to Portugal. As the time passes Portugal sees African slaves as a good way to gain access in the African continent. In 1445 Portuguese built a fort on Arguin Island in order to have better access to Africa and to establish a route to import slaves but also gain access to the gold Africa had to offer. The Portuguese were the first to establish relations with the African countries, in the north they were trading horses in for slaves, then they would take the slaves and
needs or rights of mestizo people under government rule, the initial liberal doctrine pervading Latin American nations perpetuated racism and economic exploitation, and paved the way for all-consuming, cultural wars in the centuries to come. Throughout the Iberian Peninsula and Colonial Europe, the sweeping philosophical shift from religious and spiritual pursuits to a greater emphasis on logic and reason foreshadowed remarkable social reformation. In Latin America, the Ibero...
Sri Lanka is a prime example of just how conflict can arise. By examining the history, ethnic divides, and political structure of Sri Lanka is it possible to isolate some of the exact factors that lead to civil war and genocide in independent states. Sri Lanka was established as the Portuguese controlled island of Ceylon in 1505. The island had previously been under the control of two main ethnic groups; the Tamil and the Sinhalese, who had immigrated to the island from India in the 3rd and 5th centuries
decolonization was apparent. In African territories, guerrillas movements were rising and that weakened the Portuguese empire. When the Carnation Revolution ended, the MFA created the National Salvation Junta whose prime purpose was to suppress wars and to help the colonies from withdrawing. After these occurrences, African territories such Angola and Mozambique experienced mass decolonization. The Portuguese colonies refugees were called retornados. India had also invaded Goa, which was one of Portugal's
This essay deals with the nature of a cross cultural encounter between the Benin people and Portuguese traders in the 15th and 16th centuries, which resulted in the depiction of Portuguese figures in Benin brass plaques. It will propose that this contact between people with different cultures was on the basis of 'mutual regard' (Woods, K. 2008, p. 16), and although the Portuguese had qualms about idolatry in Benin it will show that assumptions by Europeans up to the 20th century of the primitive