of Constantine is a forged document written by Pope Stephen II. It was created during a time in which the papacy was recognizing the growing power of Pepin, King of the Franks, and realizing the ever growing reduction in influence the papacy had beyond the church. It is important to note that Pepin was father to the later King Charlemagne who exemplifies greatly the type of brutality their lineage ruled with. The papacy, more importantly Pope Stephen II, recognized King Pepin was a powerful force,
In the two years of 755 and 756, Pope Stephen II, inside of what is now known as Italy, was found to be under violent and malicious attack by King Aistulf of the Lombards. Because of this, Pope Stephen II wrote a series of letters to King Pippin III that begged for immediate aid to bring an end to that attack. This series of letters later became known as Letters to King Pippin III. In these letters, Pope Stephen II described horrible interactions between the Lombards and those within the town, and
During his extraordinarily and eventful long reign, Pio Nono laid the ground work for the modern day papacy. He was the longest serving Pope to date with a reign of thirty one years. When his sovereignty was lost, his supporters rallied around him which resulted in the Papacy becoming more centralized within Rome. He was known as a politically conservative Pope who was adverse to the modern ideas, although he was also a reformer and innovator within the Catholic Church. The end of his reign sees
Michelangelo is a prodigy. He left various kinds of artwork: paintings, sculptures, architectures and so on. Giorgio Vasari repeats a word “divine” in his writing “the Life of the Michelangelo” in order to describe Michelangelo’s artistic talent. As he praises Michelangelo by using the word “divine”, Michelangelo’s art works and techniques surely transcend human natures. Michelangelo’s attitude toward art was industrious and determined but stubborn and grumpy, which came from his childishness. However
Michelangelo was an Italian-born artist in 1488. Not too long after his birth, he was apprenticed to Ghirlandaio for three years, where Michelangelo learned elements of fresco technique and produced replicas of past Florentine masters. By the age of 16, Michelangelo was already producing his own style of art that were shown in his two relief sculptures. The following years after the death of Lorenzo de’ Medici in 1492, Michelangelo traveled and created more artwork. Some of the artworks produced
Raphael Sanzio was born on April 6, 1843 in the town of Urbino, Italy. He was a painter during the high Renaissance period. His artwork commonly organized into three phases, his early career, the Florentine Period, and his final years in which he produced his best work. Raphael’s family was full of artists. His father was a court painter to the Duke of Urbino, Federico Iii da Montefeltro. Raphael’s mother died when he was eight years old. His father died when he was eleven. When Raphael was 16,
reclusive lifestyle. Most people find him to be an extremely difficult person, due partially to his lack of concern for anyone but himself, and to his undaunted stubborn nature. The one man with whom he will despise and contend with all his life was Pope Julius II; he is also the man who commissions him to paint the ceiling. Ross King's purpose in writing this book is to detail Michelangelo's magnificent struggle with personal, political, and artistic difficulties during the painting of the Sistine ceiling
Sistine Chapel. Most, if not all, of the work was done solely by Michelangelo, with little help from others. He had a few workers but Michelangelo always had an eye on everything they were doing. When he finished the first half of the Sistine Chapel the Pope demanded to see it and fell in love immediately with the work Michelangelo had done. Another year past and the second part of the ceiling was finally complete and on the morning of All Saint’s Day 1512 it was unveiled to the public. Michelangelo died
A World Lit Only By Fire by William Manchester is not only informative of the conflicts that occurred in Europe, but it is humorous and includes perspectives and anecdotes that are not viewed as impartial. It is structured into three separate sections: The Medieval Mind, The Shattering and One Man Alone. The first section effectively talks about the substantial events that occurred in the year 500; this includes the fall of the Roman Empire and the reasons that lie behind its fall. Manchester continues
A philosopher puts a microscope to the nature of the world. Niccolò Machiavelli was a philosopher and the essence of his posthumous discourse The Prince revolves around the nature of princes and their education. This is why the core of his teaching is that a prince should ruthlessly acquire and maintain power by using fear, his own arms, and a strategic combination of vice and virtue instead of fortune. Cesare Borgia, an armed non-prophet, used fear and his own armed forces to successfully maintain
Twin themes occurred in Roman history known as renovatio imperrii and renovatio Romae that brought about much change and the popes throughout this period of time made sure they were a part of the changes being brought about. During this time we see papal propaganda beginning to take place while the popes such as Julius II, Leo X, Paul III, Sixtus V, and Paul V try to exhibit their power. The Renaissance was very important for Rome, and the renovatio imperrii as well as the renovatio Romae had great
Between 1509 and 1510, Raphael Sanzio da Urbino constructed a fresco masterpiece designed for the Vatican entitled The School of Athens. The painting itself represents different branches of knowledge such as philosophy, theology, and also literature. Most people consider The School of Athens a masterpiece by Raphael and the epitome of High Renaissance. My thesis statement for this paper is to ask and figure out why Raphael painted such a beautiful object and I also am going to research why Michelangelo
Stephen Stachofsky Mrs. Baum Catholic Social Teaching 03/5/13 Political Responsibility Politics: it is what keeps the world running. With the world’s modern politics, Catholics, as Catholics, have a special obligation of practicing political responsibility, The CCC, Catechism of the Catholic Church, says “Catholics have a moral obligation to promote the common good through the exercise of their voting privileges” (CCC 2240) this includes having a well formed conscience, intricate knowledge of the
Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, and Ferrara ; it was an overwhelming force even against a formidable foe like the Venetians (who had a force of 29,500 men, a number matched by France on its own), which was the result of good diplomacy by Pope Julius II. The Popes, in general, were very instrumental in making and breaking friendships as they pleased throughout the Italian Wars. There are other examples of this kind and one of them, Suleiman the Magnificent’s role in the Franco-Prussian alliance, is
Matthew, and the Palestrina Pieta. The Prisoners were carved from the years 1527-1530. They were intended for Pope Julius II’s tomb. It was initially supposed to be a three story free-standing structure but the plan fell through. The project for the tomb became smaller and many of the statues were rejected. After Michelanglo’s death, his nephew, Leonardo Buonarroti
pope’s with very differing views on how to contend with the issues of Protestantism, debasement and dissent. The pope of 1540 was Pope Paul III, and was the most contemporary Pope of the time, with strong views towards Catholic Reform. Having taken over from Pope Clement III in 1534, he was fairly experienced in the position of Pope. However, even with this six-year experience, Pope Paul III was highly reluctant to act over the problem of Protestantism, so the level of tolerance over debasement
Raphael, a product of the Renaissance, presented a different style of art and introduced a new medium for expression. His repertoire included both complex and simplistic work. The variety in his art allowed him to attract attention from both royalty and common people. His artistic ability is neither challenged nor debated. An outstanding support and teaching from his father planted a seed of inextinguishable desire. Later in his life, Raphael watched this seed bloom as opportunities began to wallow
Dante and Machiavelli were both writers who felt that society and leaders were greatly mislead in their approach of operating the state. Yet even they had very contrasting beliefs in their view of what was ideal for a society to function properly. Machiavelli judges religious or political leaders is based there’s ability to maintain order and unity, regardless of whether one or not need these leaders put there morality and ethics aside for this greater benefit of one’s state. This differs greatly
“Start upon the road to the Holy Sepulchre to wrest that land from the wicked race and subject it to yourselves” (“Urban II.”). It is hard to believe that almost 200 years of merciless fighting, mass slaughter, and religious intolerance had a positive outcome on the rest of the world. All of these things and more occurred during The Crusades. Pope Urban II lit a fire under the Christians and started the fighting with the Muslims. Urban’s decision to start an armed pilgrimage was a bold, daring
deceased brother. A papal dispensation was required for the marriage. It was easily obtained from Pope Julius II. Henry VII died before the marriage took place but Henry VIII immediately married Catherine once he became King. Many people involved questioned the validity of this dispensation. Catherine's mother, Isabella did not like the idea of her daughter being remarried and requiring a document from the Pope to have it done. But, once Henry VII died and Henry VIII proceeded with the marriage, no one